132 research outputs found
Modélisation dynamique inverse de tissus - Apprentissage profond à l'aide de simulations basées sur la physique
Inverse problems arise in various physical domains and solving them from real-world visual observations poses a significant challenge due to the high dimensional nature of the data. Furthermore gathering enough observations that a data driven model can accurately capture the complete distribution of a physical phenomenon is often intractable. In this work we use deep learning to solve inverse problems by applying two basic principles. Deep learning models can be trained using synthetic data generated from physics based simulations. And the employed simulator itself needs to be verified for physical accuracy thus allowing the model to learn the exact physical phenomenon that is desired.To validate the simulator, we introduce rich and compact physical protocols, originally proposed in soft matter physics literature to measure physical parameters. These protocols can be easily replicated in a simulator to test the physical correctness of the model, and the validity of the simulator.We solve the inverse measurement problem of estimating contact friction in soft-bodies which otherwise requires a specialized physics bench and entails tedious acquisition protocols. This makes the prospect of a purely non-invasive, video-based measurement technique particularly attractive. Previous works have shown that such a video-based estimation is feasible for material parameters using deep learning, but this has never been applied to the friction estimation problem which results in even more subtle visual variations. Since acquiring a large dataset for this problem is impractical, we generate it using a frictional contact simulator. As the simulator has been calibrated and verified using controlled experiments, the results are not only visually plausible, but physically-correct enough to match observations made at the macroscopic scale. We propose to our knowledge the first non-invasive measurement network and adjoining synthetic training dataset for estimating cloth friction at contact, for both cloth-hard body and cloth-cloth contacts. We also acquire an extensive dataset of real world experiments for testing. Both the training and test datasets have been made freely available to the community.We also utilize the same protocol for solving the inverse measurement problem of estimating the deformed curvature of a suspended Kirchhoff rod. In order to do such estimation on physical rods, we utilize a deep learning model to visually predict a curvature field from a suspended rod. As creating a dataset from physical rods (even if synthetically constructed), that faithfully covers a representative manifold of deformed curvatures is intractable, we rely on generating such a dataset from a verified simulator. Our work shows a promising way forward for utilizing deep learning models as part of an inversion measurement pipeline.Des problĂšmes inverses surviennent dans divers domaines physiques et les rĂ©soudre Ă partir d'observations visuelles du monde rĂ©el pose un dĂ©fi important en raison de la nature hautement dimensionnelle des donnĂ©es. De plus, rassembler suffisamment d'observations pour qu'un modĂšle basĂ© sur les donnĂ©es puisse capturer avec prĂ©cision la distribution complĂšte d'un phĂ©nomĂšne physique est souvent insoluble. Dans ce travail, nous utilisons l'apprentissage profond pour rĂ©soudre des problĂšmes inverses en appliquant deux principes de base. Les modĂšles d'apprentissage profond peuvent ĂȘtre entraĂźnĂ©s Ă l'aide de donnĂ©es synthĂ©tiques gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es Ă partir de simulations basĂ©es sur la physique. Et la prĂ©cision physique du simulateur employĂ©, lui-mĂȘme, doit ĂȘtre vĂ©rifiĂ©e, permettant ainsi au modĂšle d'apprendre le phĂ©nomĂšne physique exact souhaitĂ©.Afin de valider le simulateur, nous introduisons des protocoles physiques riches et compacts, proposĂ©s Ă l'origine dans la littĂ©rature de physique de la matiĂšre molle pour mesurer des paramĂštres physiques. Ces protocoles peuvent ĂȘtre facilement rĂ©pliquĂ©s dans un simulateur pour tester l'exactitude physique du modĂšle et la validitĂ© du simulateur.Nous rĂ©solvons le problĂšme de mesure inverse de l'estimation du frottement de contact dans les corps mous qui nĂ©cessite sinon un banc de physique spĂ©cialisĂ© et un protocole d'acquisition fastidieux. Cela rend la perspective d'une technique de mesure purement non invasive basĂ©e sur la vidĂ©o particuliĂšrement attrayante. Des travaux antĂ©rieurs ont montrĂ© qu'une telle estimation basĂ©e sur la vidĂ©o est rĂ©alisable pour les paramĂštres de matĂ©riaux en utilisant l'apprentissage profond, mais cela n'a jamais Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ© au problĂšme d'estimation de la friction qui entraĂźne des variations visuelles encore plus subtiles. Ătant donnĂ© qu'il n'est pas pratique d'acquĂ©rir un grand ensemble de donnĂ©es pour ce problĂšme, nous le gĂ©nĂ©rons Ă l'aide d'un simulateur de contact frictionnel. Comme le simulateur a Ă©tĂ© calibrĂ© et vĂ©rifiĂ© Ă l'aide d'expĂ©riences contrĂŽlĂ©es, les rĂ©sultats sont non seulement visuellement plausibles, mais suffisamment corrects physiquement pour correspondre aux observations faites Ă l'Ă©chelle macroscopique. Nous proposons Ă notre connaissance le premier rĂ©seau de mesure non invasif et un jeu de donnĂ©es d'entraĂźnement synthĂ©tique adjacent pour estimer le frottement du tissu au contact, Ă la fois pour les contacts tissu-corps dur et tissu-tissu. Nous acquĂ©rons Ă©galement un vaste ensemble de donnĂ©es d'expĂ©riences du monde rĂ©el pour les tests. Les ensembles de donnĂ©es de formation et de test ont Ă©tĂ© mis gratuitement Ă la disposition de la communautĂ©.Nous utilisons Ă©galement le mĂȘme protocole pour rĂ©soudre le problĂšme de mesure inverse de l'estimation de la courbure dĂ©formĂ©e d'une tige de Kirchhoff suspendue. Afin de faire une telle estimation sur des tiges physiques, nous utilisons un modĂšle d'apprentissage profond pour prĂ©dire visuellement un champ de courbure Ă partir d'une tige suspendue. Comme la crĂ©ation d'un ensemble de donnĂ©es Ă partir de tiges physiques (mĂȘme si elles sont synthĂ©tiquement construites), qui couvre fidĂšlement une variĂ©tĂ© reprĂ©sentative de courbures dĂ©formĂ©es est insoluble, nous comptons sur la gĂ©nĂ©ration d'un tel ensemble de donnĂ©es Ă partir d'un simulateur vĂ©rifiĂ©. Notre travail montre une voie prometteuse pour l'utilisation de modĂšles d'apprentissage profond dans le cadre d'un pipeline de mesure d'inversion
Is Womenâs Empowerment a Thucydidesâ Trap for Patriarchy in Pakistan? The Aurat (Woman) March-2020 and Bina Shahâs Before She Sleeps
The Aurat (literal meaning, âwomanâ in Hindi) March, first organized in Pakistan on International Womenâs Day in 2018, fanned the fire of feminist struggle in Pakistan. Since its inception, Pakistanâs patriarchy has tried to supress rising feminist voices. Last year (2020), the effort to supress these voices reached an exceptional level. Feminists faced a storm of opposition in the form of counter-marches and counter-narratives which were motivated mainly by the patriarchal agency of the country. This situation provides the basis for a critical examination of the deeply rooted patriarchal mind set, with reference to the prevailing gender politics of Pakistan. However, this paper studies this recent development of Pakistani feminism by contextualizing it within Greenblattâs constructs of power, subversion, and containment, with particular reference to Bina Shahâs novel Before She Sleeps. By contextualizing the selected novel within the recent feminist development, this paper unmasks the way patriarchy responds to it and tries to contain it. This paper relies on the New Historicist approach to examine the feminist voices in the selected novel. For this purpose, the novel has been read in the backdrop of the feminist narrative of The Aurat March as manifested in different slogans of the march. By doing so, the paper highlights the containment strategies that were employed by the patriarchal agency in Pakistan as well as its manifestation in the contemporary Pakistani Anglophone literature. However, the study finds that the patriarchal agency in Pakistan employs various containment strategiesâin the form of narratives of honour and domesticityâto contain the subversion it faces in the form of The Aurat March, and Shahâs novel textualizes the situation with utmost clarity. And instead of surrendering to the normative patriarchal structure, it offers the possibility of negotiation and change
Various doping concentration effect on silicon on insulator (SOI) phase modulator
This paper reports the effect of doping concentration to the electrical characteristic performance of the phase modulator in the carrier injection mode at wavelength 1.55ÎŒm. The phase modulator device has been integrated in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguide with the p-i-n diode structure. The electrical device performance is predicted using the 2-D semiconductor package SILVACO (CAD) software under DC operation. The least doping concentration of p+ and n+ region produces the least change of refractive index of the modulator. Meanwhile, results show that by increasing the doping concentrations, the value of IÏ decreases. This means that the phase modulator performance is better with increased doping concentrations
Titanium Cage Fixation in Thoracic and Thoraco-lumbar Anterior Inter-body Fusion
nner by inter body fusion.
Study Design: Prospective Study.
Material and Method: The study was conducted at the department of neurosurgery Lahore general hospital Lahore.
Results: Thirty cases were included during period two years. All cases operated for decompression, fusion and instrumentation, cages of titanium mesh were used. Neurological status of the patients assessed before and after operation. Twenty eight (93.3%) cases improved neurologically. Two (6.7%) did not improved.
There were three infected cases which were treated and improved in the long run.
Conclusion: By using anterior interbody fusion (AIF) with cage we can mobilize the patient early. Improvement of the neurological status is excellent. Per operative infection rate is very low. Deformity can be corrected with more accuracy.
Key Words: Anterior cervical corpectomy, anterior dorsal inter body fusion, anterior, posterior and lateral, computed tommography, magnetic resonance imaging
Various Doping Concentration Effect on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Phase Modulator
This paper reports the effect of doping
concentration to the electrical characteristic performance of the
phase modulator in the carrier injection mode at wavelength
1.55ÎŒm. The phase modulator device has been integrated in the
silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguide with the p-i-n diode
structure. The electrical device performance is predicted using
the 2-D semiconductor package SILVACO (CAD) software
under DC operation. The least doping concentration of p+ and
n+ region produces the least change of refractive index of the
modulator. Meanwhile, results show that by increasing the
doping concentrations, the value of I decreases. This means that
the phase modulator performance is better with increased doping
concentrations
Operation mode of phase modulation based on carrier dispersion effect in p-i-n diode of silicon rib waveguide
This paper highlights the study of the carrier injection
mode and the carrier depletion mode of the phase modulator. The
phase modulator device has been integrated in the silicon rib
waveguide by using the p-i-n diode structure. The electrical
device performance is predicted by using the 2-D semiconductor
package SILVACO (CAD) software under DC operation.
Summarily, the phase modulator device has less sensitivity to the
effective refractive index changes when operating in reverse
biased or depletion mode compared to the forward biased or
injection mode
Phase modulator based on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) rib waveguide
This paper presents the study of electrical
characteristic of phase modulator in the carrier injection mode.
The phase modulator device has been integrated in the silicon-oninsulator
(SOI) rib waveguide by using the p-i-n diode structure.
The electrical device performance is predicted by using the 2-D
semiconductor package SILVACO (CAD) software under DC
operation. In summary, the phase modulator device required
0.035mA drive current to get phase shift at wavelength 1.55ÎŒm
meanwhile 0.066mA drive current is required for the 1.3ÎŒm
wavelength
âTextsâ Battling COVID-19: A New Historicist Reading of My Hero Is You Published by UNICEF
New Historicist approach assumes power to be using texts and co-texts as tools to build as well as retain a certain set of ideology. Since the pandemic has re-defined the personal space of individuals as a precaution to avoid the containment and the spread of COVID-19, the world has come across an ideology of restraint, to live and survive. In other words, social distancing is about to become a new normative structure throughout the world. The study strives to view, how texts and co-texts are being used by the world powers to fashion selves those comply with the new normative, i-e., social distancing and personal care. It also shows the representation of COVID-19 in the literary discourse produced during this pandemic and re-validates Stephen Greenblattâs constructs of power, subversion and containment in this particular context. The essay, having analysed the child fiction My Hero is You published by UNICEF, finds that this pandemic has changed the dynamics of world politics by bringing all the world governments on one page to fight with COVID-19 and that they are relying heavily on literary as well as non-literary discourses to introduce and implement the new normative of social distancing and personal care. The study also suggests that this pandemic has also accorded the draconian image of power a new form, as this time power is trying to inculcate the ideology that favours humanity; and with the help of these âtextsâ, power wants to construct selves those comply with this new normative.  
2x2 Optical Switch Based on Silicon-On-Insulator Microring Resonator
In near future, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microring resonator are expected to be basic
components for wavelength filtering and switching due to their compact size and wide free spectral
range (FSR). In this paper, a 2X2 optical switch by using active microring resonator is proposed. The
switch is consists of second order serially cascaded microring coupled to a pair of waveguide. The
ON/OFF state of the design is control by electric signal which will vary the refractive index. The
device is design to operate at 1.55ÎŒm wavelength. With a 500nm x 200nm rib dimensions, the design
is proven to have single mode behaviour. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method
simulation by RSOFT software is use to characterize the device performance. The results show that
the 2X2 optical switch proposed can be an efficient device to be functioning in WDM application
Electro-Optical Modulator Performance in SOl
Since 1980's, silicon photonic devices have been extensively studied, however a
submicrometre-size photonic devices have been realized only in the last few years. Silicon
properties namely the transparency in the range of optical telecommunications wavelengths and
high index of refraction, have enabled the fabrication of low loss submicron waveguide. Photonic
devices such as splitter, coupler, and filter have been demonstrated in silicon but once the device
has been fabricated, the properties of the device are predetermined. A silicon based modulator can
be used to control the flow of light, where the refractive index of the silicon waveguide can be
varied thus, induce a change in the transmission properties.
This paper highlights the study of carrier injection effect on silicon waveguide with p-i-n
diode structure integrated on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOl). The device performance is predicted
using 2D Silvaco CAD software under different applied voltages at 1.55 ïżœm
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