HUBUNGAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA KULIAH ANALISIS STRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU, KALKULUS DIFFERENSIAL, DAN MATA KULIAH STRUKTUR BETON

AbstrakBuku Pedoman Unesa Fakultas Teknik tahun akademik 2016-2017 Program Studi S1 Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan, dijelaskan bahwa mahasiswa angkatan 2016 dapat memprogram mata kuliah Struktur Beton dengan persyaratan, telah menempuh mata kuliah Analisis Struktur Statis Tertentu pada semester 2 (3SKS) dan mata kuliah Kalkulus Differensial pada semester 1 (3SKS). Pemahaman mata kuliah Analisis Struktur Statis Tertentu dan Kalkulus Differensial dapat menunjang mahasiswa dalam menguasai mata kuliah Konstruksi Beton, karena materi Struktur Beton mempunyai hubungan dengan materi yang ada pada mata kuliah Analisis Struktur Statis Tertentu.Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian asosiatif merupakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dua variabel atau lebih. Dalam penelitian ini maka akan dapat dibangun suatu teori yang dapat berfungsi untuk menjelaskan, meramalkan dan mengontrol suatu gejala yang mana terdapat hubungan kausal yang bersifat sebab akibat, jadi penelitian ini menggunakan tiga variabel. Pola hubungan antara variabel yang akan diteliti tersebut selanjutnya disebut sebagai paradigma penelitian.Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis dan pembahasan, maka kesimpulan yang dapat dikemukakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil belajar mata kuliah Analisis Struktur Statis Tertentu memiliki nilai rata-rata (Mean) adalah 67.80, dengan nilai minimum 60.20, nilai maksimumnya 74.90, dan standar deviasinya (SD) sebesar 3.67. Mata kuliah Kalkulus Differensial memiliki nilai rata-rata (Mean) adalah 72.50, dengan nilai minimum 57.50, nilai maksimumnya 88.00, dan standar deviasinya sebesar 7.00. Sedangkan mata kuliah Struktur Beton memiliki nilai rata-rata (Mean) adalah 73.50, dengan nilai minimum 62.00, nilai maksimumnya 83.60, dan standar deviasinya sebesar 5.39. Hubungan yang rendah antara hasil belajar Mata Kuliah Analisis Struktur Statis Tertentu dan hasil belajar Mata Kuliah Struktur Beton yaitu sebesar 0.276. Hubungan yang rendah antara hasil belajar Mata Kuliah Kalkulus Differensial dan hasil belajar Mata Kuliah Struktur Beton yaitu sebesar 0.282. Hubungan yang rendah antara hasil belajar Mata Kuliah Analisis Struktur Statis Tertentu dan hasil belajar Mata Kuliah Kalkulus Differensial yaitu sebesar 0.207. Hubungan yang rendah ini disebabkan adanya variabel-variabel hasil belajar lainnya yang hubungannya lebih baik yang belum diteliti. Kata Kunci : Hubungan, Hasil Belajar, Mata Kuliah, Analisis Struktur Statis Tertentu, Kalkulus Differensial, Struktur Beton. AbstractUnesa Faculty of Engineering Guidebook 2016-2017 academic year Building Engineering Education S1 Program, explained that the 2016 students can program Concrete Structure courses with requirements, have taken the course of Certain Static Structure Analysis in semester 2 (3SKS) and Differential Calculus courses in semester 1 (3SKS). Understanding of courses on Analysis of Certain Static Structures and Differential Calculus can support students in mastering Concrete Construction courses, because the material of Concrete Structures has a relationship with the material in the course of Analysis of Certain Static Structures.The research approach used is associative research is research that aims to determine the relationship of two or more variables. In this research, a theory can be built that can function to explain, predict and control a phenomenon where there is a causal relationship that is causal, so this study uses three variables. The pattern of relations between the variables to be studied is then referred to as the research paradigm.Based on the data obtained from the results of the analysis and discussion, the conclusions that can be expressed in this study is that the learning outcomes of the Analysis of Certain Static Structure subjects have an average value of 67.80, with a minimum value of 60.20, the maximum value 74.90, and standard deviation (SD) of 3.67. The Differential Calculus subject has an average value (Mean) of 72.50, with a minimum value of 57.50, a maximum value of 88.00, and a standard deviation of 7.00. While the Concrete Structure subject has an average value (Mean) is 73.50, with a minimum value of 62.00, the maximum value is 83.60, and the standard deviation is 5.39. A low relationship between Course Learning Outcomes Analysis of Specific Static Structures and Learning Outcomes of Concrete Structure Courses is equal to 0.276. Low relationship between Learning Outcomes of Differential Calculus and Learning Outcomes of Concrete Structure Courses is 0.282. Low relationship between Course Learning Outcomes Analysis of Certain Static Structures and Learning Outcomes of Differential Calculus Courses is equal to 0.207. This low relationship is due to the existence of other learning outcomes variables that have better relationships that have not been studied. Keywords: Relationships, Learning Outcomes, Courses, Analysis of Specific Static Structures, Differential Calculus, Concrete Structures

(5R)-Ethyl 6-benzyl-8,8-dimethyl-7,9-dioxo-1-oxa-2,6-diaza­spiro­[4.4]non-2-ene-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C18H20N2O5, the pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom bonded to the methyl groups as the flap. The dihydro­isoxazole ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.041 Å) and forms a dihedral angle of 65.19 (6)° with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, neighbouring mol­ecules are linked into chains along [110] by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯π inter­actions involving the phenyl ring

tert-Butyl 5-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-1-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl carbonate

In the title compound, C17H23NO5, the pyrrolidinone ring is in an envelope conformation. The tert-butyl carbonate and 4-methoxy­phenyl groups are arranged on the same side of the pyrrolidinone ring. The meth­oxy group is coplanar with the attached benzene ring. The mol­ecules are linked into chains along the b axis via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

4-Hydr­oxy-5-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

In the title compound, C11H13NO3, the pyrrolidin-2-one ring is in an envelope conformation with the hydroxyl and 4-methoxy­phenyl substituents mutually cis. The methoxy group is slighty twisted away from the mean plane of the attached benzene ring. The mol­ecules are arranged into screw chains along the c axis. These chains are inter­connected via inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into sheets parallel to the ac plane. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Antinociceptive activity of a synthetic oxopyrrolidine-based compound, ASH21374, and determination of its possible mechanisms

This study was carried out to determine the antinociceptive activity of a novel synthetic oxopyrrolidine-based compound, (2R,3R,4S)-ethyl 4-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (ASH21374), and to elucidate the involvement of the opioid, vanilloid, glutamate, and nitric oxide – cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) systems in modulating the observed antinociception. ASH21374, in the doses of 2, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass, was administered orally to mice 60 mins prior to exposure to various antinociceptive assays. From the results obtained, ASH21374 exhibited significant (P< 0.05) antinociceptive activity in the abdominal constriction, hot-plate, and formalin tests that was comparable with 100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid or 5 mg/kg morphine, respectively. ASH21374 also attenuated capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking. Pre-treatment with 5 mg/kg naloxone significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited the activity in all assays, while pretreatment with 10 mg/k-funaltraxamine, 1 mg/kg naltrindole, or 1 mg/kg nor-binaltorphimine significantly (P< 0.05) reversed the activity in the abdominal constriction test. L-Arginine,NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME), methylene blue, and their combinations, failed to inhibit the ASH21374 antinociceptive activity. In conclusion, ASH21374 demonstrated antinociceptive activities on the peripheral and central nervous systems, mediated through the activation of opioid receptors, inhibition of the glutamatergic system, and attenuation of vanilloid-mediated nociceptive transmission. Further studies have been planned to determine the pharmacological potential of ASH21374

Synthesis of 2,3-Dioxo-5-(substituted)arylpyrroles and Their 2-Oxo-5-aryl-3-hydrazone Pyrrolidine Derivatives

Some novel2,3-dioxo-5-(substituted)arylpyrroles have been synthesized. Among these, pyrrolidine compound 1b was converted to 2,3-dioxo-5-aryl pyrrolidine 2b. Finally a set of hydrazone derivatives was obtained from the reaction of 2b with various hydrazine salts. The structures of all the new synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR and 1H-NMR spectra

In Vitro Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Activity of MFM 501, a Novel Codonopsinine Derivative, against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

28 new pyrrolidine types of compounds as analogues for natural polyhydroxy alkaloids of codonopsinine were evaluated for their anti-MRSA activity using MIC and MBC value determination assay against a panel of S. aureus isolates. One pyrrolidine compound, MFM 501, exhibited good inhibitory activity with MIC value of 15.6 to 31.3 μg/mL against 55 S. aureus isolates (43 MRSA and 12 MSSA isolates). The active compound also displayed MBC values between 250 and 500 μg/mL against 58 S. aureus isolates (45 MRSA and 13 MSSA isolates) implying that MFM 501 has a bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal effect against both MRSA and MSSA isolates. In addition, MFM 501 showed no apparent cytotoxicity activity towards three normal cell lines (WRL-68, Vero, and 3T3) with IC50 values of >625 µg/mL. Selectivity index (SI) of MFM 501 gave a value of >10 suggesting that MFM 501 is significant and suitable for further in vivo investigations. These results suggested that synthetically derived intermediate compounds based on natural products may play an important role in the discovery of new anti-infective agents against MRSA

Cytotoxic Activity of MFM 501, a Novel Codonopsinine Derivative, against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

28 new pyrrolidine types of compounds as analogues for natural polyhydroxy alkaloids of codonopsinine were evaluated for their anti-MRSA activity using MIC and MBC value determination assay against a panel of S. aureus isolates. One pyrrolidine compound, MFM 501, exhibited good inhibitory activity with MIC value of 15.6 to 31.3 g/mL against 55 S. aureus isolates (43 MRSA and 12 MSSA isolates). The active compound also displayed MBC values between 250 and 500 g/mL against 58 S. aureus isolates (45 MRSA and 13 MSSA isolates) implying that MFM 501 has a bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal effect against both MRSA and MSSA isolates. In addition, MFM 501 showed no apparent cytotoxicity activity towards three normal cell lines (WRL-68, Vero, and 3T3) with IC 50 values of &gt;625 g/mL. Selectivity index (SI) of MFM 501 gave a value of &gt;10 suggesting that MFM 501 is significant and suitable for further in vivo investigations. These results suggested that synthetically derived intermediate compounds based on natural products may play an important role in the discovery of new anti-infective agents against MRSA

Synthesis, molecular docking, and antimalarial activity of hybrid 4-aminoquinoline-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives

Widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to current artemisinin-based combination therapies necessitate the discovery of new medicines. Pharmacophoric hybridization has become an alternative for drug resistance that lowers the risk of drug–drug adverse interactions. In this study, we synthesized a new series of hybrids by covalently linking the scaffolds of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole with 4-aminoquinoline via an ethyl linker. All synthesized hybrid molecules were evaluated through in vitro screenings against chloroquine-resistant (K1) and-sensitive (3D7) P. falciparum strains, respectively. Data from in vitro assessments showed that hybrid 4b displayed significant antiplasmodial activities against the 3D7 strain (EC50 = 0.0130 ± 0.0002 µM) and the K1 strain (EC50 = 0.02 ± 0.01 µM), with low cytotoxic effect against Vero mammalian cells. The high selectivity index value on the 3D7 strain (SI > 1000) and the K1 strain (SI > 800) and the low resistance index value from compound 4b suggested that the pharmacological effects of this compound were due to selective inhibition on the 3D7 and K1 strains. Molecular docking analysis also showed that 4b recorded the highest binding energy on P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase. Thus, P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase is considered a potential molecular target for the synthesized compound