292 research outputs found
Mediatuen vaikuttavuuden ennakkoarviointi : Loppuraportti
Mediatuen vaikuttavuuden ennakkoarviointi -hankkeen tavoitteena on ollut tehdÀ ennakkoarvio mediatukityöryhmÀn loppuraportissaan esittÀmien tukimuotojen vaikuttavuudesta. Arviointi on rajattu kolmeen tukimuotoon: toimituksellinen tuotantotuki, innovaatiotuki ja yhteisömedian tuki. Samalla arviointikysymykset ovat tarkentuneet kolmeen laajempaan kysymykseen: MitkÀ ovat olleet mediatuen vaikutukset muissa Pohjoismaissa? Jos Pohjoismainen mediatuki sovelletaan Suomeen, mikÀ olisi maksetun tuen mÀÀrÀ ja arvioidut vaikutukset? MitÀ voidaan oppia tukimuodoista ja niiden teknisistÀ yksityiskohdista?
Arvioinnin yleishavaintona voidaan todeta, ettÀ eri tukimuotojen tarkastelu yleisillÀ elinkeinopoliittisilla yritystuen kriteereillÀ ei vÀlttÀmÀttÀ johda sidosryhmien kannalta haluttuun lopputulokseen. Pohjoismainen vertailu antaa vahvasti viitteitÀ, ettÀ mediatuet nykyisellÀ tasolla eivÀt ole vaikuttavia tai tehokkaita tavanomaisilla yritystalouden mittareilla (mm. liikevaihto, työllisyys ja nimikkeiden mÀÀrÀ). Aineisto kokonaisuutena viittaa vahvasti siihen, ettÀ tuet eivÀt ole vaikuttavia tai tehokkaita, ja niiden kohdistaminen varsinaiseen ongelmaan on hyvin vaikeaa. NÀin mediatukia on vaikea perustella tavanomaisilla elinkeinopolitiisilla yritystuen kriteereillÀ. Tuki voi kuitenkin olla perusteltu muiden yhteiskunnallisten tavoitteiden nÀkökulmasta
Acid Glycohydrolases in Rat Spermatocytes, Spermatids and Spermatozoa: Enzyme Activities, Biosynthesis and Immunolocalization
Mammalian sperm acrosome contains several glycohydrolases thought to aid in the dispersion and digestion of vestments surrounding the egg. In this study, we have used multiple approaches to examine the origin of acrosome-associated glycohdyrdolases. Mixed spermatogenic cells, prepared from rat testis, were separated by unit gravity sedimentation. The purified germ cells (spermatocytes [SP], round spermatids [RS], and elongated/condensed spermatids [E/CS]) contained several glycohydrolase activities. Metabolic labeling in the cell culture, immunoprecipitation, and autoradiographic approaches revealed that ÎČ-D-galactosidase was synthesized in SP and RS in 88/90 kDa forms which undergo processing in a cell-specific manner. Immunohistochemical approaches demonstrated that the enzyme was localized in Golgi membranes/vesicles, and lysosome-like structures in SP and RS, and forming/formed acrosome of E/CS
ENHANCING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF CV. JATI MAKMUR PASURUAN USING E-BROCHURE MARKETING STRATEGY
This report provides an analysis and evaluation of CV Jati Makmur in entering the new market. CV. Jati Makmur is a plywood industry operating more than 15 years in producing woodworking, aiming to grasp the international market for expansion. There are various analysis methods included in the observation. These methods of analysis include Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning. To conquer the market share in China and Japan as well to increase economic competitiveness several recommended strategies in incorporated. This strategy involves pricing strategy distribution and promotion strategy.
In addition, this report also observes the fact that the analysis contains some limitations as well as risks. These risks include external factors such as Government, Competition, and Technology that will affect the future development of CV. Jati Makmur. This report finds the prospects for CV. Jati Makmur in its current position is positive. The major area of weakness requires further investigation and remedial action by management
Avaruus arjessamme : Avaruustoiminnan yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus (AVARTAVA) loppuraportti
Selvityksen tavoitteena oli muodostaa ajankohtainen kuva siitÀ, miten avaruustoiminnan mahdollisuuksia hyödynnetÀÀn hallitusohjelman tavoitteiden ja muiden yhteiskunnallisten tavoitteiden toteuttamisessa sekÀ eri hallinnonalojen pÀÀtöksenteossa.
PÀÀhavainto on, ettÀ avaruustoimintaa hyödynnetÀÀn laajasti eri hallinnonalojen pÀÀtöksenteossa sekÀ hallitusohjelman ja muiden yhteiskunnallisten tavoitteiden toteuttamisessa, vaikka avaruustoiminnan roolia aina ei vÀlttÀmÀttÀ tiedosteta. Avaruustoiminnan palveluilla, kuten paikkatiedolla ja aikasignaalilla, kaukokartoituksella ja satelliittitietoliikenteellÀ on merkittÀviÀ sovelluksia viranomaistoiminnassa, esim. pelastuksessa, ympÀristövalvonnassa ja turvallisuusviranomaisten toiminnassa, sekÀ liike-elÀmÀssÀ, erilaisten tietoliikenne- ja energiaverkkojen, kaupankÀynnin, kuljetusten ja palveluiden mahdollistajana.
Kaiken kaikkiaan avaruustoiminta on kriittistÀ yhteiskunnan normaalille toiminnalle. SelvitysryhmÀ suosittaakin tiedostamaan avaruustoiminnan roolin kriittisyyden. SelvityksessÀ esitetÀÀn toimenpiteitÀ tarvittavan osaamisen ja resurssien varmistamiseksi, jotta avaruustoiminnan palveluita voidaan hyödyntÀÀ jatkossa entistÀ laajemmin.TÀmÀ julkaisu on toteutettu osana valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimussuunnitelman toimeenpanoa. (tietokayttoon.fi)
Julkaisun sisÀllöstÀ vastaavat tiedon tuottajat, eikÀ tekstisisÀltö vÀlttÀmÀttÀ edusta valtioneuvoston nÀkemystÀ
Classifying Like a State: Land Dispossession on Eastern Creteâs Contested Mountains
Despite the widespread attention to capital investments in land and property around the globe, the active re-regulating role of the neoliberal state in processes of âaccumulation by dispossessionâ remains underexplored. Through an in-depth look at the dispossession of highly fragmented and loosely regulated private land for windfarm investments on Creteâs eastern corner, Sitia, this paper re-affirms the political nature of the forcible appropriation of land for large-scale investments; dissects the specific mechanisms in which the state dispossesses land on behalf of investors and promotes the forcible appropriation of land from below; and problematises the dialectic relationship of both rupture and continuity between crisis and inherited, path-dependent relations embedded in land. The transformation of Sitiaâs loosely regulated, informal relations on land is made possible through the mobilisation of the stateâs bureaucratic and normalising powers, which redefine the concept of forest and dispossess through classifying land as such
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The heterogeneity of wooded-agricultural landscape mosaics influences woodland bird community assemblages
Context
Landscape heterogeneity (the composition and configuration of different landcover types) plays a key role in shaping woodland bird assemblages in wooded-agricultural mosaics. Understanding how species respond to landscape factors could contribute to preventing further decline of woodland bird populations.
Objective
To investigate how woodland birds with different species traits respond to landscape heterogeneity, and to identify whether specific landcover types are important for maintaining diverse populations in wooded-agricultural environments.
Methods
Birds were sampled from woodlands in 58 2 x 2 km tetrads across southern Britain. Landscape heterogeneity was quantified for each tetrad. Bird assemblage response was determined using redundancy analysis combined with variation partitioning and response trait analyses.
Results
For woodland bird assemblages, the independent explanatory importance of landscape composition and landscape configuration variables were closely interrelated. When considered simultaneously during variation partitioning, the community response was better represented by compositional variables. Different species responded to different landscape features and this could be explained by traits relating to woodland association, foraging strata and nest location. Ubiquitous, generalist species, many of which were hole-nesters or ground foragers, correlated positively with urban landcover while specialists of broadleaved woodland avoided landscapes containing urban areas. Species typical of coniferous woodland correlated with large conifer plantations.
Conclusions
At the 2 x 2 km scale, there was evidence that the availability of resources provided by proximate landcover types was highly important for shaping woodland bird assemblages. Further research to disentangle the effects of composition and configuration at different spatial scales is advocated
Involvement of Complexin 2 in Docking, Locking and Unlocking of Different SNARE Complexes during Sperm Capacitation and Induced Acrosomal Exocytosis
Acrosomal exocytosis (AE) is an intracellular multipoint fusion reaction of the sperm plasma membrane (PM) with the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM). This unique exocytotic event enables the penetration of the sperm through the zona pellucida of the oocyte. We previously observed a stable docking of OAM to the PM brought about by the formation of the trans-SNARE complex (syntaxin 1B, SNAP 23 and VAMP 3). By using electron microscopy, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques in combination with functional studies and proteomic approaches, we here demonstrate that calcium ionophore-induced AE results in the formation of unilamellar hybrid membrane vesicles containing a mixture of components originating from the two fused membranes. These mixed vesicles (MV) do not contain the earlier reported trimeric SNARE complex but instead possess a novel trimeric SNARE complex that contained syntaxin 3, SNAP 23 and VAMP 2, with an additional SNARE interacting protein, complexin 2. Our data indicate that the earlier reported raft and capacitation-dependent docking phenomenon between the PM and OAM allows a specific rearrangement of molecules between the two docked membranes and is involved in (1) recruiting SNAREs and complexin 2 in the newly formed lipid-ordered microdomains, (2) the assembly of a fusion-driving SNARE complex which executes Ca2+-dependent AE, (3) the disassembly of the earlier reported docking SNARE complex, (4) the recruitment of secondary zona binding proteins at the zona interacting sperm surface. The possibility to study separate and dynamic interactions between SNARE proteins, complexin and Ca2+ which are all involved in AE make sperm an ideal model for studying exocytosis
Turnover of passerine birds on islands in the Aegean Sea (Greece)
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73442/1/j.1365-2699.2007.01695.x.pd
The conservation value of human-modified landscapes for the world's primates
Land-use change pushes biodiversity into human-modified landscapes, where native ecosystems are surrounded by anthropic land covers (ALCs). Yet, the ability of species to use these emerging covers remains poorly understood. We quantified the use of ALCs by primates worldwide, and analyzed species' attributes that predict such use. Most species use secondary forests and tree plantations, while only few use human settlements. ALCs are used for foraging by at least 86 species with an important conservation outcome: those that tolerate heavily modified ALCs are 26% more likely to have stable or increasing populations than the global average for all primates. There is no phylogenetic signal in ALCs use. Compared to all primates on Earth, species using ALCs are less often threatened with extinction, but more often diurnal, medium or large-bodied, not strictly arboreal, and habitat generalists. These findings provide valuable quantitative information for improving management practices for primate conservation worldwide
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