The Impact of Knowledge Processes and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on Services Quality along Supply Chain

This study summarizes a sample of the managers of the Iraqi cellular communications company with 84 employees. The company is a service organization responsible for providing integrated telecommunications services. As a management system that uses human, technical, material and financial resources, its size and value increase in line with technical progress. The demand for telecommunication services is increasing for several factors, the most important being the only means available to the majority and to the increase in population. The aim of this study is to develop and test a empirical model to link knowledge management processes and customer relationship management to the quality of services along supply chain. The problem of the study was formed through many mental and practical inquiries represented in the negotiation of the customer's knowledge and behavior, the importance of the horizon of customer relationship management, the level of its importance and its impact on the quality of services, the concept of quality of service, the level of its importance, the types of knowledge processes and their importance in the studied companies and their impact on Quality of services along supply chain. These questions were investigated later. The new study aimed at determining the relationship between the changes in the study in the company that was examined and the ability to apply it in all its parts and its ability to develop and use it to serve the customers in the examined organization. The study used the survey as a tool to collect the information that was diverted to be transferred because of statistical tools that were examined for results. The results and recommendations highlighted the reality and facts of the variables that the study addressed from the mental point of view and applied in the company's exams

Relationship Marketing and Supply Chain policy in Enhancing the Customer Value in the Telecommunication Sector

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alignment of marketing strategies on the supply chain and organizational performance in the Telecommunication Sector. The purpose of this research is practical, and in terms of nature and method, it is a descriptive-survey research of correlation type. The communication creations became one of the huge projects in Iraq during the last few years, yet at the year 2005 these projects was manipulated by one or two firms, yet , there are now more than five firms working in this field, we can notice that the Iraqi customer has no loyalty toward any specific company or firm because of their reputation, moreover he/she is ready to abandon any firm in order to obtain low price services, which led to intense the marketing efforts by other firms win and keep the current customers in the Iraqi market. This situation forced the firms to reform working strategies to improve the competition advantage, From the above discussion, it will be clear that the research proposal for this study is to identify and verify the relationship between marketing and quality in the process of creating and delivering value to customers. And this was made through the use of the questionnaire, followed by analysis of the collected data and a conceptual framework based on the results. The researchers used questionnaires, and the total sample reached 1257 among the involved customers in the communication company in Iraq, and more specific in Baghdad the involved ages where between (18-40) years, %43 females, and %57 males. The authors have used 5 point Likert scale. The proposed hypothesis of the study: relationship marketing (perceived service quality, trust, customer satisfaction, the Corporate Image) has a positive effect on customer value.The result was a (perceived service quality, trust, customer satisfaction) has a positive effect on customer value, while the Corporate Image. Does not has a positive effect on customer value

Technology Management for Supply Chain in Sports Clubs Iraqi and Its Reflection on the Excellence Performance

This research seeks to spread the culture of total quality management among employees at all levels of management in sports clubs working in Iraq and the duration of their reflection on the creation of outstanding performance, and to explore any of the variables of TQM more influential performance excellence studies aims: Identify the latest trends in total quality management and the requirements for applying them in sports clubs to raise their performance within the sports sector Design/methodology/approach: The descriptive descriptive approach was used. The questionnaire was used to collect data in order to develop a reliable and correct measurement model for TQM variables and their distances. The hypotheses were tested using some statistical treatments. Findings : The study concluded the sample agreement that the distinct performance is directly affected by TQM and its dimensions (administrative leadership, continuous improvement, process improvement, relationship marketing). The model of measurement of these variables has been developed. Moreover, the results support the hypothesis of influence and correlation between the investigated variables . Practical implications:This study provides a useful measure of overall quality management and performance, helping managers and employees at the sports club levels to assess the current status of club performance. Managers may improve their performance programs more effectively and efficiently through their strategic approaches to competition. Originality / value: This study is committed to assisting the administrations working in the sports sector to address the challenge of increasing the performance of sports clubs through the management of total quality and its dimensions

Myxome Du Maxillaire A Propos D\'un Cas

Les myxomes des maxillaires sont des tumeurs bénignes rares dont la pathogénie reste encore controversée. Leur indolence et la pauvreté des manifestations qui les accompagnent rendent leur diagnostic souvent tardif et leur prise en charge difficile. Nous présentons un cas de myxome du maxillaire chez un nourrisson âgé de 12 mois suivi d\'une revue de la littérature permettant de synthétiser les données cliniques ainsi que la stratégie thérapeutique à adopter.Maxillary myxoma are rare benign tumours whose pathogenesis remains extremely discussed. The poor clinical picture and the absence of pain makes the diagnosis difficult. We report a pediatric case of maxillary myxoma of a 12- monthold infant and review the clinical features, radiographic evaluation and the appropriate treatment Keywords:Myxoma - maxillary - benign tumor. Journal Tunisien d\'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale Vol. 18 2007: pp. 43-4

The Effects of Metformin, Aminoguanidine, and Pyridoxamine on Methylglyoxal Induced Cardiac Myocyte Injury

Advanced glycation end (AGE) products have been under investigation for their role in cardiovascular disease in complications. Methylglyoxal, a byproduct of glucose metabolism, is elevated in the blood of diabetic patients and has shown to be an important intermediate in the production of AGEs. Due to the highly reactive structure of methylglyoxal, it can produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cell via mitochondrial modification which results in a loss of cell membrane potential and possible cell death. The role of methylglyoxal in cardiac cells is not well known; in this study methylglyoxal induced cell injury and ROS generation were investigated by co-treatment of methylglyoxal with metformin, aminoguanidine hydrochloride, or pyridoxamine dihydrochloride. The effects of methylglyoxal on H9C2 myoblast viability were evaluated after incubation of drugs for 24 hours by measuring absorbance at 450 nm by using tetrazolium to differentiate metabolically active and inactive cells (e.g., CCK-8 kit). We found that methylglyoxal (1200 µM) significantly reduced cell viability to 28 ±6% when compared to the untreated control (n=4, p36 hours fluorescence was measured at excitation 488 nm and emission 527 nm (e.g., DCFDA kit). We found that methylglyoxal (1200 µM) significantly increased ROS by 205±25% when compared to the untreated control baseline (n=4,

Respiratory influence on left atrial volume calculation with 3D-echocardiography

BACKGROUND: Left atrial volume (LAV) estimation with 3D echocardiography has been shown to be more accurate than 2D volume calculation. However, little is known about the possible effect of respiratory movements on the accuracy of the measurement. METHODS: 100 consecutive patients admitted with chest pain were examined with 3D echocardiography and LAV was quantified during inspiratory breath hold, expiratory breath hold and during free breathing. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients, only 65 had an echocardiographic window that allowed for 3D echocardiography in the entire respiratory cycle. Mean atrial end diastolic volume was 45.4 ± 14.5 during inspiratory breath hold, 46.4 ± 14.8 during expiratory breath hold and 45.6 ± 14.3 during free respiration. Mean end systolic volume was 17.6 ± 7.8 during inspiratory breath hold, 18.8 ± 8.0 during expiratory breath hold and 18.3 ± 8.0 during free respiration. No significant differences were seen in any of the measured parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The present study adds to the feasibility of 3D LAV quantitation. LAV estimation by 3D echocardiography may be performed during either end-expiratory or end-inspiratory breath-hold without any significant difference in the calculated volume. Also, the LAV estimation may be performed during free breathing

Tumeur Germinale De L\'espace Para Pharynge : A Propos D\'un Cas

Les tumeurs germinales à localisation cervico-faciale sont rares. Nous rapportons l\'observation d\'une une fillette de 7 ans porteuse d\'une tumeur maligne à cellules germinales de l\'espace para-pharyngé droit traité par chimiothérapie. Les particularités étiopathogéniques, thérapeutiques, et pronostiques de cette tumeur sont rappelées après une revue des données de la littérature.Extragonadal germ cell tumors of the head and neck are very rare. We report the case of a 7-year-old girl with malignant germ cell tumor of the right parapharyngeal space treated by chemotherapy. Etiopathogenic, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of this tumour are recalled after a review of the literature data. Keywords: Extragonadal germ cell tumors, parapharyngeal tumors. Journal Tunisien d\'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale Vol. 18 2007: pp. 61-6

Mitochondrial targeted antioxidants, mitoquinone and SKQ1, not vitamin C, mitigate doxorubicin-induced damage in H9c2 myoblast: pretreatment vs. co-treatment

BACKGROUND: Preconditioning of the heart ameliorates doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. We tested whether pretreating cardiomyocytes by mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, mitoquinone (MitoQ) or SKQ1, would provide better protection against Dox than co-treatment. METHODS: We investigated the dose-response relationship of MitoQ, SKQ1, and vitamin C on Dox-induced damage on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts when drugs were given concurrently with Dox (e.g., co-treatment) or 24 h prior to Dox (e.g., pretreatment). Moreover, their effects on intracellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress were evaluated by 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and MitoSOX, respectively. RESULTS: Dox (0.5-50 μM, n = 6) dose-dependently reduced cell viability. By contrast, co-treatment of MitoQ (0.05-10 μM, n = 6) and SKQ1 (0.05-10 μM, n = 6), but not vitamin C (1-2000 μM, n = 3), significantly improved cell viability only at intermediate doses (0.5-1 μM). MitoQ (1 μM) and SKQ1 (1 μM) significantly increased cell viability to 1.79 ± 0.12 and 1.59 ± 0.08 relative to Dox alone, respectively (both p \u3c 0.05). Interestingly, when given as pretreatment, only higher doses of MitoQ (2.5 μM, n = 9) and SKQ1 (5 μM, n = 7) showed maximal protection and improved cell viability to 2.19 ± 0.13 and 1.65 ± 0.07 relative to Dox alone, respectively (both p \u3c 0.01), which was better than that of co-treatment. Moreover, the protective effects were attributed to the significant reduction in Dox-induced intracellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that MitoQ and SKQ1, but not vitamin C, mitigated DOX-induced damage. Moreover, MitoQ pretreatment showed significantly higher cardioprotection than its co-treatment and SKQ1, which may be due to its better antioxidant effects

Stromal Amyloid β drives Neutrophil extracellular trap formation to augment tumour growth

Tumors are comprised of cancer cells and a network of non-cancerous stromal cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are well known to support tumorigenesis and are emerging as immune modulators. While many leukocyte populations are well studied in cancer, neutrophils have received less attention. Neutrophils can release histone-bound nuclear DNA and cytotoxic granules as extracellular traps (NETs) in a process termed NETosis. Here, we show that CAFs induce formation of NETs both within the tumor microenvironment and at systemic levels in the blood and bone marrow. These tumor-induced NETs (t-NETs) are driven by a ROS-mediated pathway dependent on PAD4 and CD11b. Remarkably, CAF-derived Amyloid β was identified as the key factor driving t-NETosis, a protein with significance in both neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. Therapeutic inhibition of NETs in established tumors prevented growth, skewing neutrophils to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Reciprocally, t-NETs enhanced CAF activation phenotypes. Mirroring murine observations, NETs were detected juxtaposed to CAFs in human melanoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and elevated expression of amyloid and β-Secretase correlated with poor prognosis. In summary, we report the existence of cross-talk between CAFs and neutrophils within the tumour microenvironment whereby CAF-induced t-NETosis supports cancer progression, identifying Amyloid β as the protagonist and potential therapeutic target. Significance This study defines the existence of a pro-tumor immunomodulatory function of the stroma showing the induction of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through CAF-derived Amyloid β. We term this novel process “Tumor-induced NETosis” (t-NETosis) and propose that therapeutic inhibition of this mechanism, which we observe in human melanoma and pancreatic cancer, has the potential to improve patient outcome