MRI brain scan classification using novel 3-D statistical features

The paper presents an automated algorithm for detecting and classifying magnetic resonance brain slices into normal and abnormal based on a novel three-dimensional modified grey level co-occurrence matrix approach that is used for extracting texture features from MRI brain scans. This approach is used to analyze and measure asymmetry between the two brain hemispheres, based on the prior-knowledge that the two hemispheres of a healthy brain have approximately a bilateral symmetry. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed algorithm in detecting brain abnormalities with high accuracy and low computational time. The dataset used in the experiment comprises 165 patients with 88 having different brain abnormalities whilst the remaining do not exhibit any detectable pathology. The algorithm was tested using a ten-fold cross-validation technique with 10 repetitions to avoid the result depending on the sample order. The maximum accuracy achieved for the brain tumors detection was 93.3% using a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network.

Pergeseran Legitimasi Wacana Yurisprudensi Islam dalam Sistem Tata Kelola Global Perspektif Sejarah Peradaban Islam

Islamic jurisprudence gives an example of exceeding legal science generally which is separate from historical considerations, it is the will of God which is declared precedent and not preceded, controlled and not controlled. In its stipulation, Muslim scholars agreed on five sources of Islamic jurisprudence: the Qur'an, Sunna, Ijma, qiyas, and ijtihad. There is almost no idea of ??law itself which develops as a historical phenomenon that is closely related to the progress of society. Naturally the discovery and formulation of divine law is a process of growth, which is systematically divided by traditional doctrine into several different stages. This paper aims to describe the shifting legitimacy of Sharia discourse in the global governance system of the perspective of the history of Islamic Civilization. From the results of the discussion concluded: 1) Islamic jurisprudence has undergone many historical changes since the time of the Prophet Muhammad, and researchers have divided their development into several historical stages. The role of individual jurists is measured by pure subjective standards of the intrinsic value of the process of discovering divine orders. This is not considered to be based on external criteria or in relation to the circumstances of a particular era or region. 2) tracing the origins of the basic elements of Islamic law has the same problem by tracing the origins of the Qur'an itself, and many scholars are satisfied to only associate the origins of Islamic law with the concern of Muslims to apply the Koran. If Al-Quran comes from seventh-century Arabic, then some basic elements of Islamic law also come from there. If the Qur'an was canonized to change the Arab conquest, then it reflected the early formative period of Islamic law rather than its formation. 3) some media authorities try to change the legal legal doctrine that seeks more than just reforming Islamic law. However, this problem cannot be applied until the last decade of modern law being implemented because the power of traditional Islamic attitudes is still relevant to modern law with its implications, therefore the source of Islamic heritage cannot be compared to dehistorizing Islam

Mereproduksi Inti Model Pembelajaran di Madrasah Suatu Pembersihan dari Konsep Liberalisasi Pendidikan Islam abad ke-21

Modern academic trends towards specialties that see 'education' as a separate study area and limit the study of Islamic education, both for theological research, historiological narratives, or research on social injustice, such generalizations are problematic at the level of difficulty faced, when talking about 'face of civilization' in education, even though the accuracy of such generalizations is questionable, but they still exist as useful types of ideal education that are forged in a (unique) worldview, and in this sense we accept the term 'Islamic education,' although in practice, everything is different, most madrassas are like ordinary business, For many of them controlling the madrasa is only a means of advancing personal, material, and political interests, where they are willing to use 'any acceptable and unacceptable way'. The question of this article is how to reproduce the core core model of learning in the madrasa, a purge of the concept of liberalization of 21st century Islamic education ?. From the results of the discussion it was concluded: 1) modern educators who studied Islamic education initially experienced difficulties and differentiation that seemed tiring, becoming a meaningful and dynamic whole in the madrasa's daily routine, the teachers helped students "manifest" the Qur'an in their hearts with confidence that it leads us to properly understand the spirit of its messages, which in turn will guide them in every aspect of their lives. 2) the curriculum in the Qur'an follows a holistic approach that contrasts with a banking system in which educators store information into students' memories for safekeeping. Learning takes place through the interaction between students and the environment in a democratic and integral class that continues to reflect themselves and the world, building authentic forms of thought and action. 3) People can choose the field of study they want in accordance with the needs or demands of the market, but seeking knowledge is a basic mandate in the curriculum with a Qur'anic backgroun

Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kooperatif, Komunikasi Interpersonal dan Aktifitas KKG Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam pada Siswa Kelas V MI Al Muhsinun Kauman dan MI An Nahdiyah Gedeg

Model Cooperative Learning is a learning model which was used as an alternative to delivering innovation learning outcomes. This model has several advantages, which enable students to succeed in learning, skills training, leading the Active Interaction Between Students and teachers learning atmosphere relaxed and fun. the purpose of the study is 1) Describe the effects of cooperative learning in the Islamic Cultural History on student learning achievement. 2) Describe the effect of interpersonal communication in the history of Islamic culture on student learning achievement. 3) Describe the effect of KKG for student achievement Cultural History of Islam in students. 4) Describe the effects of cooperative learning, interpersonal communication and KKG for student achievement Cultural History of Islam in students. From the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1) There is an effect of cooperative learning on the learning achievement of Islamic Cultural History. in MI Al Muhsinun kauman regression coefficient (B) 0.417, with a significance t is 0, .001 Because of the significance of t less than 5% (0001, <0.05) and MI An Nahdiyah Gedeg regression coefficient (B) 0523, with significance of 0,005 t. Because of the importance of not less than 5% (0.005 <0.05), 2) There is an effect of interpersonal communication on the learning achievement of Islamic Cultural History. in class V MI Al Muhsinun kauman regression coefficient (B) 0050, with a significance of 0.004 t. Because of the importance of not less than 5% (0.004 <0.05) and Class V MI An Nahdiyah Gedeg regression coefficient (B) 0.322, with a significance of 0.046 t. Because of the importance of not less than 5% (0, <0.05), 3) There is an effect on learning achievement KKG Cultural History of Islam in class V MI Al Muhsinun kauman regression coefficient (B) 0.290, with a significance of 0.000 t. Because of the importance of not less than 5% (0.000 <0.05), and Class V MI An Nahdiyah Gedeg regression coefficient (B) 0.291, with a significance of 0.000 t. Because of the importance of not less than 5% (0, <0.05), the Nil Hypothesis (H0) 4) There is an effect of cooperative learning, interpersonal communication and KKG for student achievement Cultural History of Islam in class MI Al Muhsinun kauman (value obtained Fhitung 2,236 (significance F = 0.000). So F count> F table (2.236> 1.69) or Sig F <5% (0.000 <0.05).) and MI An Nahdiyah Gedeg. (Provided the value of F from 2803 (significance F = 0.000). So F count> F table (7158.057> 1.69) or Sig F <5% (0.000 <0.05)

A user behaviour-driven smart-home gateway for energy management

Current smart-home and automation systems have reduced generality and modularity, thus confining users in terms of functionality. This paper proposes a novel system architecture and describes the implementation of a user-centric smart-home gateway that is able to support home-automation, energy usage management and reduction, as well as smart-grid operations. This is enabled through a middleware service that exposes a control API, allowing the manipulation of the home network devices and information, irrespectively of the involved technologies. Additionally, the system places the users as the prime owners of their data, which in turn is expected to make them much more willing to install and cooperate with the system. The gateway is supported by a centralised user-centric machine-learning component that is able to extract behavioural patterns of the users and feed them back to the gateway. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the efficient operation of the gateway and examine two well-know machine learning algorithms for identifying patterns in the user’s energy consumption behaviour. This feature could be utilised to improve its performance and even identify energy saving opportunities

Combining deep and handcrafted image features for MRI brain scan classification

Progresses in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and medical imaging technologies have allowed the development of the medical image processing field with some astonishing results in the last two decades. These innovations enabled the clinicians to view the human body in high-resolution or three-dimensional cross-sectional slices, which resulted in an increase in the accuracy of the diagnosis and the examination of patients in a non-invasive manner. The fundamental step for MRI brain scans classifiers is their ability to extract meaningful features. As a result, many works have proposed different methods for features extraction to classify the abnormal growths in brain MRI scans. More recently, the application of deep learning algorithms to medical imaging lead to impressive performance enhancements in classifying and diagnosing complicated pathologies such as brain tumors. In this study, a deep learning feature extraction algorithm is proposed to extract the relevant features from MRI brain scans. In parallel, handcrafted features are extracted using the modified grey level co-occurrence matrix (MGLCM) method. Subsequently, the extracted relevant features are combined with handcrafted features to improve the classification process of MRI brain scans with SVM used as the classifier. The obtained results proved that the combination of the deep learning approach and the handcrafted features extracted by MGLCM improves the accuracy of classification of the SVM classifier up to 99.30%

Nanoparticles and cytokine response

Synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) are non-viral equivalents of viral gene delivery systems that are actively explored to deliver a spectrum of nucleic acids for diverse range of therapies. The success of the nanoparticulate delivery systems, in the form of efficacy and safety, depends on various factors related to the physicochemical features of the NPs, as well as their ability to remain “stealth” in the host environment. The initial cytokine response upon exposure to nucleic acid bearing NPs is a critical component of the host response and, unless desired, should be minimized to prevent the unintended consequences of NP administration. In this review article, we will summarize the most recent literature on cytokine responses to nanoparticulate delivery systems and identify the main factors affecting this response. The NP features responsible for eliciting the cytokine response are articulated along with other factors related to the mode of therapeutic administration. For diseases arising from altered cytokine pathophysiology, attempts to silence the individual components of cytokine response are summarized in the context of different diseases, and the roles of NP features on this respect are presented. We finish with the authors’ perspective on the possibility of engineering NP systems with controlled cytokine responses. This review is intended to sensitize the reader with important issues related to cytokine elicitation of non-viral NPs and the means of controlling them to design improved interventions in the clinical setting

Crystal structure of peroxiredoxin 3 from Vibrio vulnificus

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous cysteine-based peroxidase enzymes. Recently, a new type of Prx, VvPrx3, was identified in the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus as being important for survival in macrophages. It employs only one catalytic cysteine residue to decompose peroxides. Here, crystal structures of VvPrx3 representing its reduced and oxidized states have been determined, together with an H2O2-bound structure, at high resolution. The crystal structure representing the reduced Prx3 showed a typical dimeric interface, called the A-type interface. However, VvPrx3 forms an oligomeric interface mediated by a disulfide bond between two catalytic cysteine residues from two adjacent dimers, which differs from the doughnut-like oligomers that appear in most Prxs. Subsequent biochemical studies showed that this disulfide bond was induced by treatment with nitric oxide (NO) as well as with peroxides. Consistently, NO treatment induced expression of the prx3 gene in V. vulnificus, and VvPrx3 was crucial for the survival of bacteria in the presence of NO. Taken together, the function and mechanism of VvPrx3 in scavenging peroxides and NO stress via oligomerization are proposed. These findings contribute to the understanding of the diverse functions of Prxs during pathogenic processes at the molecular level

Thermal and flow performance analysis of a concentrated linear Fresnel solar collector with transverse ribs

Data availability statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.Copyright © 2023 Hasan, Sherza, Abed, Togun, Ben Khedher, Sopian, Mahdi and Talebizadehsardari. This article deals with the impact of including transverse ribs within the absorber tube of the concentrated linear Fresnel collector (CLFRC) system with a secondary compound parabolic collector (CPC) on thermal and flow performance coefficients. The enhancement rates of heat transfer due to varying governing parameters were compared and analyzed parametrically at Reynolds numbers in the range 5,000–13,000, employing water as the heat transfer fluid. Simulations were performed to solve the governing equations using the finite volume method (FVM) under various boundary conditions. For all Reynolds numbers, the average Nusselt number in the circular tube in the CLFRC system with ribs was found to be larger than that of the plain absorber tube. Also, the inclusion of transverse ribs inside the absorber tube increases the average Nusselt number by approximately 115% at Re = 5,000 and 175% at Re = 13,000. For all Reynolds numbers, the skin friction coefficient of the circular tube with ribs in the CLFRC system is larger than that of the plain absorber tube. The coefficient of surface friction reduces as the Reynolds number increases. The performance assessment criterion was found to vary between 1.8 and 1.9 as the Reynolds number increases