302 research outputs found
Molecular cytogenetic evaluation of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions
Analyses of cancer incidence data in the United States and Western Europe
revealed steadily rising rates over the past decades of adenocarcinomas of
the esophagus and gastric cardia. Genetic information on gastric cardia
adenocarcinoma and its preneoplasias is sparse. We have used comparative
genomic hybridization to obtain a genome-wide overview of 20 archival
gastric cardia adenocarcinomas and 10 adjacent preneoplastic lesions (
Comparative genomic hybridization of cancer of the gastroesophageal junction: deletion of 14Q31-32.1 discriminates between esophageal (Barrett's) and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas
Incidence rates have risen rapidly for esophageal and gastric cardia
adenocarcinomas. These cancers, arising at and around the gastroesophageal
junction (GEJ), share a poor prognosis. In contrast, there is no consensus
with respect to clinical staging resulting in possible adverse effects on
treatment and survival. The goal of this study was to provide more insight
into the genetic changes underlying esophageal and gastric cardia
adenocarcinomas. We have used comparative genomic hybridization for a
genetic analysis of 28 adenocarcinomas of the GEJ. Eleven tumors were
localized in the distal esophagus and related to Barrett's esophagus, and
10 tumors were situated in the gastric cardia. The remaining seven tumors
were located at the junction and could not be classified as either
Barrett-related, or gastric cardia. We found alterations in all 28
neoplasms. Gains and losses were distinguished in comparable numbers.
Frequent loss (> or = 25% of all tumors) was detected, in decreasing order
of frequency, on 4pq (54%), 14q (46%), 18q (43%), 5q (36%), 16q (36%), 9p
(29%), 17p (29%), and 21q (29%). Frequent gain (> or = 25% of all tumors)
was observed, in decreasing order of frequency, on 20pq (86%), 8q (79%),
7p (61%), 13q (46%), 12q (39%), 15q (39%), 1q (36%), 3q (32%), 5p (32%),
6p (32%), 19q (32%), Xpq (32%), 17q (29%), and 18p (25%). Nearly all
patients were male, and loss of chromosome Y was frequently noted (64%).
Recurrent high-level amplifications (> 10% of all tumors) were seen at
8q23-24.1, 15q25, 17q12-21, and 19q13.1. Minimal overlapping regions could
be determined at multiple locations (candidate genes are in parentheses):
minimal regions of overlap for deletions were assigned to 3p14 (FHIT,
RCA1), 5q14-21 (APC, MCC), 9p21 (MTS1/CDKN2), 14q31-32.1 (TSHR), 16q23,
18q21 (DCC, P15) and 21q21. Minimal overlapping amplified sites could be
seen at 5p14 (MLVI2), 6p12-21.1 (NRASL3), 7p12 (EGFR), 8q23-24.1 (MYC),
12q21.1, 15q25 (IGF1R), 17q12-21 (ERBB2/HER2-neu), 19q13.1 (TGFB1, BCL3,
AKT2), 20p12 (PCNA), 20q12-13 (MYBL2, PTPN1), and Xq25. The distribution
of the imbalances revealed similar genetic patterns in the three GEJ tumor
groups. However, loss of 14q31-32.1 occurred significantly more frequent
in Barrett-related adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus, than in
gastric cardia cancers (P = 0.02). The unclassified, "pure junction" group
displayed an intermediate position, suggesting that these may be in part
gastric cardia tumors, whereas the others may be related to
(short-segment) Barrett's esophagus. In conclusion, this study has, fist,
provided a detailed comparative genomic hybridization-map of GEJ
adenocarcinomas documenting new genetic changes, as well as candidate
genes involved. Second, genetic divergence was revealed in this poorly
understood group of cancers
Facilitating children's self-concept: A rationale and evaluative study
This study reports on the design and effectiveness of the Exploring Self-Concept program for primary school children using self-concept as the outcome measure. The program aims to provide a procedure that incorporates organisation, elaboration, thinking, and problem-solving strategies and links these to children's multidimensional self-concept. The results of this research support the notion that teachers and guidance counsellors need to establish a nonthreatening framework that allows them to discuss with children a range of relevant issues related to peer pressure, parent relations, self-image, body image, gender bias, media pressure, values and life goals, in a systematic, objective and cooperative manner. Within the paper, notions associated with self-concept maturation, 'crystallisation' of self-concept beliefs, cognitive differentiation and self-concept segmentation are reviewed
Measurement of the B0-anti-B0-Oscillation Frequency with Inclusive Dilepton Events
The - oscillation frequency has been measured with a sample of
23 million \B\bar B pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II
asymmetric B Factory at SLAC. In this sample, we select events in which both B
mesons decay semileptonically and use the charge of the leptons to identify the
flavor of each B meson. A simultaneous fit to the decay time difference
distributions for opposite- and same-sign dilepton events gives ps.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Validated cleaner: the cuculid bird Crotophaga ani picks ticks and pecks at sores of capybaras in southeastern Brazil
University-industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda
Accepted versio
Baryons: What, When and Where?
We review the current state of empirical knowledge of the total budget of
baryonic matter in the Universe as observed since the epoch of reionization.
Our summary examines on three milestone redshifts since the reionization of H
in the IGM, z = 3, 1, and 0, with emphasis on the endpoints. We review the
observational techniques used to discover and characterize the phases of
baryons. In the spirit of the meeting, the level is aimed at a diverse and
non-expert audience and additional attention is given to describe how space
missions expected to launch within the next decade will impact this scientific
field.Comment: Proceedings Review for "Astrophysics in the Next Decade: JWST and
Concurrent Facilities", ed. X. Tielens, 38 pages, 10 color figures. Revised
to address comments from the communit
Measurement of the CP-Violating Asymmetry Amplitude sin2
We present results on time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B decays to several CP eigenstates. The measurements use a data sample of about 88 million Y(4S) --> B Bbar decays collected between 1999 and 2002 with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We study events in which one neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in a final state containing a charmonium meson and the other B meson is determined to be either a B0 or B0bar from its decay products. The amplitude of the CP-violating asymmetry, which in the Standard Model is proportional to sin2beta, is derived from the decay-time distributions in such events. We measure sin2beta = 0.741 +/- 0.067 (stat) +/- 0.033 (syst) and |lambda| = 0.948 +/- 0.051 (stat) +/- 0.017 (syst). The magnitude of lambda is consistent with unity, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation of no direct CP violation in these modes
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