HIGH PRANDTL NUMBER MIXED CONVECTION CAVITY FLOW USING LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

The mixed convection heat transfer and fluid flow behaviors in a lid–driven square cavity filled with high Prandtl number fluids at low Reynolds number have been studied using Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method (TLBM). The LBM has built up on the D2Q9 model called the Lattice-BGK (Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook) model. The Lattice Boltzmann momentum and energy equations are considered simultaneously to solve the problem. Effects of non dimensional mixed convection parameter, namely buoyancy parameter or Richardson number (Ri) in presence of heat generation (q) with moving lid are discussed to investigate the thermal and fluid flow behaviors. It deals with continuing and comparison study of authors recent published work (Taher et al. 2013). The results are presented as velocity and temperature profiles as well as stream function and temperature contours for 0.50 ≤ Ri ≤ 10.0 and q ranging from 0.0 to 0.10 with other controlling parameters. It is found that LBM has good potential to simulate mixed convection heat transfer and fluid flow problems. The mixed convection parameter, Ri, provides an important measurement of the thermal natural convection forces relative to the mechanically induced lid-driven forced convection with heat generation (q) effects. Moreover, it is found that the overall heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) are significantly increased with increasing Ri and decreased very slightly with increasing the values of heat generation. Finally, the simulation results have been compared with the previous numerical and experimental results and it is found to be in good agreement

Marek's Disease Virus Down-Regulates Surface Expression of MHC (B Complex) Class I (BF) Glycoproteins during Active but not Latent Infection of Chicken Cells

AbstractInfection of chicken cells with three Marek's disease virus (MDV) serotypes interferes with expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC or B complex) class I (BF) glycoproteins. BF surface expression is blocked after infection of OU2 cells with MDV serotypes 1, 2, and 3. MDV-induced T-cell tumors suffer a nearly complete loss of cell surface BF upon virus reactivation with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BUdR). The recombinant virus (RB1BUS2gfpΔ) transforming the MDCC-UA04 cell line expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) during the immediate early phase of viral gene expression. Of the UA04 cells induced to express the immediate early GFP, approximately 60% have reduced levels of BF expression. All of the reactivated UA04 and MSB1 tumor cells expressing the major early viral protein pp38 display reduced levels of BF. Thus, BF down-regulation begins in the immediate early phase and is complete by the early phase of viral gene expression. The intracellular pool of BF is not appreciably affected, indicating that the likely mechanism is a block in BF transport and not the result of transcriptional or translational regulation

Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Cooling in Lattice QCD

Chiral symmetry breaking is calculated as a function of cooling in quenched lattice QCD. A non-zero signal is found for the chiral condensate beyond one hundred cooling steps, suggesting that there is chiral symmetry breaking associated with instantons. Quantitatively, the chiral condensate in cooled gauge field configurations is small compared to the value without cooling.Comment: 11 pages in REVTEX including 4 PS figures embedded using psfig.sty, uuencode

One-loop matching coefficients for improved staggered bilinears

We calculate one-loop matching factors for bilinear operators composed of improved staggered fermions. We compare the results for different improvement schemes used in the recent literature, all of which involve the use of smeared links. These schemes aim to reduce, though not completely eliminate, O(a^2) discretization errors. We find that all these improvement schemes substantially reduce the size of matching factors compared to unimproved staggered fermions. The resulting corrections are comparable to, or smaller than, those found with Wilson and domain-wall fermions. In the best case (``Fat-7'' and mean-field improved HYP links) the corrections are 10 % or smaller at 1/a = 2 GeV.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure (misleading sentence in sec. II removed; version to appear in Physical Review D

Experimental Investigation of Near-limit Gaseous Detonations in Small Diameter Spiral Tubing

The near-limit propagation of gaseous detonations in seven explosive mixtures with different reaction sensitivities is investigated. Experiments were performed in transparent tubing of four different inner diameters with relatively long tubing length (l/d > 2500 except l/d > 1000 for the largest diameter) arranged in a spiral configuration. Up to 83 fiber optics spaced at regular intervals along the tube were used to provide high resolution velocity measurement. Up to 8 cycles of the galloping mode were recorded, and the spiral boundary did not influence the persistence of galloping detonations. Results confirm that for mixtures with increasing argon dilution, making the detonation more stable with regular cellular pattern, the occurrence of galloping detonation diminishes. For stable mixtures with sufficiently large amount of argon dilution (e.g., stoichiometric C2H2/O2 with 70%Ar), the galloping mode was not observed in all tested tubing. For unstable mixtures, smaller diameters were necessary to achieve the galloping mode. The range of initial pressures, within which galloping detonations were observed decreases rapidly with increasing tubing diameter. These results suggest that both the instability and the boundary effect are essential for galloping detonations. From the velocity histogram and the probability distribution function, a bimodal behavior was also observed in all galloping regimes of different unstable mixtures, with dominant modes near half of the Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocity (DCJ) and DCJ. With decreasing pressure, the lower velocity mode became more prevalent until no more galloping detonation occurred. The normalized wavelength of the galloping cycle (L/d) ranges from 250 to 450 within experimental variation. Nevertheless, few results show a clear minor trend that the wavelength increases with decreasing initial pressure. By looking at the velocity amplitude in the galloping cycle, the lower value as well as the average is relatively constant, while the upper peak has larger fluctuations

Towards 5D Grand Unification without SUSY Flavor Problem

We consider the renormalization group approach to the SUSY flavor problem in the supersymmetric SU(5) model with one extra dimension. In higher dimensional SUSY gauge theories, it has been recently shown that power corrections due to the Kaluza-Klein states of gauge fields run the soft masses generated at the orbifold fixed point to flavor conserving values in the infra-red limit. In models with GUT breaking at the brane where the GUT scale can be larger than the compactification scale, we show that the addition of a bulk Higgs multiplet, which is necessary for the successful unification, is compatible with the flavor universality achieved at the compactification scale.Comment: JHEP style file of 35 pages with 3 figures, Version to appear in JHE

Anomalies on orbifolds with gauge symmetry breaking

We embed two 4D chiral multiplets of opposite representations in the 5D N=2 $SU(N+K)$ gauge theory compactified on an orbifold $S^1/(Z_2\times Z'_2)$. There are two types of orbifold boundary conditions in the extra dimension to obtain the 4D N=1 $SU(N)\times SU(K)\times U(1)$ gauge theory from the bulk: in Type I, one has the bulk gauge group at $y=0$ and the unbroken gauge group at $y=\pi R/2$ while in Type II, one has the unbroken gauge group at both fixed points. In both types of orbifold boundary conditions, we consider the zero mode(s) as coming from a bulk $(K+N)$-plet and brane fields at the fixed point(s) with the unbroken gauge group. We check the consistency of this embedding of fields by the localized anomalies and the localized FI terms. We show that the localized anomalies in Type I are cancelled exactly by the introduction of a bulk Chern-Simons term. On the other hand, in some class of Type II, the Chern-Simons term is not enough to cancel all localized anomalies even if they are globally vanishing. We also find that for the consistent embedding of brane fields, there appear only the localized log FI terms at the fixed point(s) with a U(1) factor.Comment: LaTeX file of 19 pages with no figure, published versio

Flow behaviour of sago starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) in distilled water and NaOH—effect of photografting

Flow behaviour study of UV initiated sago starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) (AA) was carried out to elucidate the effect of UV irradiation and photografting on native sago starch. The flow behaviour of native and treated sago starch in different gelatinizing agent (distilled water and NaOH) was also investigated. All starch samples exhibited pseudoplastic characteristic and fitting to Herschel–Bulkley model. Flow behaviour of all samples were highly dependent on the UV treatment, degree of grafting and type of gelatinizing solvent, whereby the volume fraction of the granules varies in accordance with the swelling capacities as well as resistances to rupture. As a result, control sample imparted highest viscosity when distilled water was used as solvent; on the other hand, 20 AA imparted highest viscosity when NaOH was used as solvent. Swollen granule fractions affect the viscosity magnitude of the flow behaviour of a starch sample as evident by photomicrographs

One-Loop Matching of the Heavy-Light A_0 and V_0 Currents with NRQCD Heavy and Improved Naive Light Quarks

One-loop matching of heavy-light currents is carried out for a highly improved lattice action, including the effects of dimension 4 O(1/M) and O(a) operators. We use the NRQCD action for heavy quarks, the Asqtad improved naive action for light quarks, and the Symanzik improved glue action. As part of the matching procedure we also present results for the NRQCD self energy and for massless Asqtad quark wavefunction renormalization with improved glue.Comment: 25 pages, 3 eps-figure

Propagation of near-limit gaseous detonations in rough walled tubes

In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the detonation velocity behavior near limits in rough-walled tubes. The wall roughness was introduced by using different spiral inserts in 76.2-mm-diameter, 50.8-mm-diameter, 38.1-mm-diameter, and 25.4-mm-diameter tubes. Different pre-mixed mixtures, CH4 + 2O2, C2H2 + 2.5O2, C2H2 + 2.5O2 + 70%Ar, and 2H2 + O2 were tested in the experiments. Different spiral wire diameters were used, and the pitch of each spiral was twice of the diameter to keep the same level of roughness in all experiments for each tube. Fiber optics were used to record the detonation time of arrival to deduce the velocity. The normalized velocity V/VCJ and the velocity deficit δ were computed and analyzed to describe the detonation behavior near the limit. The cellular structure near the limit was recorded by the smoked foils