Nanometer scale electronic reconstruction at the interface between LaVO3 and LaVO4

Electrons at interfaces, driven to minimize their free energy, are distributed differently than in bulk. This can be dramatic at interfaces involving heterovalent compounds. Here we profile an abrupt interface between V 3d2 LaVO3 and V 3d0 LaVO4 using electron energy loss spectroscopy. Although no bulk phase of LaVOx with a V 3d1 configuration exists, we find a nanometer-wide region of V 3d1 at the LaVO3/LaVO4 interface, rather than a mixture of V 3d0 and V 3d2. The two-dimensional sheet of 3d1 electrons is a prototypical electronic reconstruction at an interface between competing ground states.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

A laboratory scale apparatus for the continuous culture of micro-organisms with automatic pH control

The authors give technical details of their modification of the "chemostat" for the continuous culture of micro-organisms. Apparatus incorporates an automatic pH control and has given satisfactory results for runs lasting several weeks.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Parameters Influencing Lane Flow Distribution on Multilane Freeways in PTV Vissim

In a parameter study, we systematically varied parameter values, and quantified the resulting traffic flow in each individual lane. We modeled two-, three-, and four-lane freeway sections with the microscopic traffic flow simulation tool PTV Vissim. We compared the results with findings from literature. Simulations using car following model Wiedemann 99 fit better to empirical studies than those using Wiedemann 74. Empirically determinable parameters, that have a relevant influence on lane flow distribution are desired speed distributions (mean for heavy-duty vehicles and standard deviation for cars), heavy-duty vehicle share, and the gradient of the section. Additionally, the driving behavior parameters CC1 (headway time), CC3 (threshold for entering following), and safety distance reduction factor have an influence. As CC1 is one of the most relevant parameters for calibrating capacity, CC3 and the safety distance reduction factor remain for lane flow adjustment

Comparative analysis of 2D and 3D models of turbulent natural convection and thermal surface radiation in closed areas

Turbulent natural convection with surface thermal radiation in air-filled enclosures has been investigated. The equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy are solved using both finite difference and control volume methods. It should be noted that the working medium is Newtonian and heat conducting fluid, where the Boussinesq approximation is valid. The walls are supposed to be gray, diffuse emitters and reflectors of radiation. The left and right surfaces of the enclosure are isothermal walls, while other surfaces are adiabatic walls. The considered fluid flow is turbulent. The main aim of the present research is to compare the heat transfer process in 2D and 3D enclosures. Detailed results including flow profiles, temperature fields, and average Nusselt numbers have been presented

Zur aktuellen Entwicklung der Lehrkräftebildung im berufsbildenden Bereich. Eine kritische Analyse

Der Beitrag lenkt den Blick auf die Lehrkräftebildung im berufsbildenden Bereich und die für Nordrhein-Westfalen beobachtete Dynamik, den Aufbau einer eigenständigen beruflichen Lehramtsausbildung an Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften (HAWn) als Bearbeitung des erhöhten Lehrkräftebedarfs anzubieten. Im Beitrag wird dieser Vorschlag kritisiert, weil die besonderen Anforderungen an das Lehramt an berufsbildenden Schulen und die Vorteile eines wissenschaftlichen Lehramtsstudiums zu wenig berücksichtigt würden. Da Lehrkräfte an berufsbildenden Schulen Unterrichtsgegenstände je nach beruflichen Handlungsfeld immer wieder didaktisch und wissenschaftsbasiert hervorbringen müssen und dabei eine enorme Heterogenität einzubeziehen ist, wird die wissenschaftsorientierte und kritisch-reflexive Auseinandersetzung mit der schulischen und beruflichen Praxis als Notwendigkeit begründet. Dagegen wird die zu starke Betonung von praktischer und anwendungsorientierter Ausrichtung der Ausbildung als Gefahr einer reduzierten bzw. nur eingeschränkten Professionalisierung markiert. Gefordert wird abschließend deshalb, dass bestehende Qualitätsstandards auch in der Notlage einzuhalten und zusätzlich Angebote einer professionsbezogenen Begleitung von Studierenden aufzubauen sind. (DIPF/Orig.)Basic teacher training at vocational schools has been affected by the shortage of teachers for quite some time. Accordingly, there are many experiences with special paths and cooperative models. However, recent demands by the universities of applied sciences (HAWn) in NRW for an independent vocational teacher training program, especially for the industrial-technical subject areas, give rise to critical questions. This is because they have no established structures in teacher education and are underrepresented in their contributions to VET research. In addition, this is accompanied by structural and financial challenges that are by no means likely to lead to a short-term quantitative strengthening of provision. Based on this situation analysis, the article argues from an explicitly vocational and business education perspective, recalling subject-specific characteristics and disciplinary standards that consider independent teacher training at HAWs to be problematic. (DIPF/Orig.

Kinematically Complete Study of Low-Energy Electron-Impact Ionization of Argon: Internormalized Cross Sections in Three-Dimensional Kinematics

As a further test of advanced theoretical methods to describe electron-impact single-ionization processes in complex atomic targets, we extended our recent work on Ne(2p) ionization [X. Ren, S. Amami, O. Zatsarinny, T. Pflüger, M. Weyland, W. Y. Baek, H. Rabus, K. Bartschat, D. Madison, and A. Dorn, Phys. Rev. A 91, 032707 (2015)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.91.032707] to Ar(3p) ionization at the relatively low incident energy of E0 = 66 eV. The experimental data were obtained with a reaction microscope, which can cover nearly the entire 4π solid angle for the secondary electron emission. We present experimental data for detection angles of 10, 15, and 20⁰ for the faster of the two outgoing electrons as a function of the detection angle of the secondary electron with energies of 3, 5, and 10 eV, respectively. Comparison with theoretical predictions from a B-spline R-matrix (BSR) with pseudostates approach and a three-body distorted-wave (3DW) approach, for detection of the secondary electron in three orthogonal planes as well as the entire solid angle, shows overall satisfactory agreement between experiment and the BSR results, whereas the 3DW approach faces difficulties in predicting some of the details of the angular distributions. These findings are different from our earlier work on Ne(2p), where both the BSR and 3DW approaches yielded comparable levels of agreement with the experimental data

Проект реконструкции участка сетей 10/0,4 кВ ДНТ «Алмаз» ПАО «ТРК»

Дипломный проект 85 страницы, 12 таблиц, 12 рисунков,2 обязательных приложения, 21 источник. В дипломной работе представлен проект реконструкции участка сетей 10/0,4 кВ ПАО «ТРК» ДНТ «Алмаз», с целью улучшения её функционирования, повышение надежности и качества электроснабжения. Необходимость реконструкции обусловлена увеличением числа и мощности потребителей электроэнергии, а так же ужесточением требований к её качеству. В дипломном проекте ведется разработка сетей 0,4 кВ и определяется, расчетная нагрузка участка сетей, выбирается сечение голого провода на ВЛ 0,4 кВ, мощность силового трансформатора комплектной трансформаторной подстанции (КТП), выбирается схема и комплектующие элементы КТП, заземление и молниезащита КТП. Проработан вопрос организации электромонтажных работ при реконструкции энергосистемы поселка, решены вопросы электробезопасности персонала, ведущего монтажные работы.Graduation project 85 pages, 12 tables, 12 figures, 2 mandatory application 21 source. The research paper is presented the reconstruction project area networks 10 / 0.4 kV of PJSC "TRK" DNT "Diamond", in order to improve its functioning, increasing the reliability and quality of electricity supply. The need for reconstruction due to an increase in the number of electricity consumers and power, as well as tightening the requirements for its quality. The diploma project is developing networks of 0.4 kV and determines the estimated load area networks, select cross-section of bare wire on 0.4 kV overhead lines, power power transformer package transformer substations (CTS) is selected circuit elements and components in sets, earthing and lightning protection KTP . After working for the question of the organization of electrical work in the reconstruction of the village power systems, electrical personnel issues resolved, leading installation work

Kinematically Complete Study of Low-Energy Electron-Impact Ionization of Neon: Internormalized Cross Sections in Three-Dimensional Kinematics

Low-energy (E0 0=65eV) electron-impact single ionization of Ne (2p) has been investigated to thoroughly test state-of-the-art theoretical approaches. The experimental data were measured using a reaction microscope, which can cover nearly the entire 4π solid angle for the secondary electron emission energies ranging from 2 to 8 eV, and projectile scattering angles ranging from 8.5⁰ to 20.0⁰. The experimental triple-differential cross sections are internormalized across all measured scattering angles and ejected energies. The experimental data are compared to predictions from a hybrid second-order distorted-wave Born plus R-matrix approach, the distorted-wave Born approximation with the inclusion of postcollision interaction (PCI), a three-body distorted-wave approach (3DW), and a B-spline R-matrix (BSR) with pseudostates approach. Excellent agreement is found between the experiment and predictions from the 3DW and BSR models, for both the angular dependence and the relative magnitude of the cross sections in the full three-dimensional parameter space. The importance of PCI effects is clearly visible in this low-energy electron-impact ionization process

Thermally reduced nanoporous graphene oxide membrane for desalination

Graphene-based laminar membranes open new avenues for water treatment; in particular, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes with high stability in aqueous solutions are gaining increased attention for desalination. However, the low water permeability of these membranes significantly limits their applications. In this study, the water permeability of thermally reduced GO membrane was increased by a factor of 26 times by creating in-plane nanopores with an average diameter of ?3 nm and a high density of 2.89 × 1015 m-2 via H2O2 oxidation. These in-plane nanopores provide additional transport channels and shorten the transport distance for water molecules. Meanwhile, salt rejection of this membrane is dominated by both the Donnan effect and the size exclusion of the interspaces. Besides, the water permeability and salt rejection of the thermally reduced nanoporous GO membrane can also be simply tuned by adjusting the thermal treatment time and membrane thickness. Additionally, the fabricated membrane exhibited a relatively stable rejection of Na2SO4 during the long-term testing. This work demonstrates a novel and effective strategy for fabricating high-performance laminar rGO membranes for desalination applications