Visualisation of an entangled channel spin-1 system

Co-variance matrix formalism gives powerful entanglement criteria for continuous as well as finite dimensional systems. We use this formalism to study a mixed channel spin-1 system which is well known in nuclear reactions. A spin-j state can be visualized as being made up of 2j spinors which are represented by a constellation of 2j points on a Bloch sphere using Majorana construction. We extend this formalism to visualize an entangled mixed spin-1 system.Comment: 4 pages,4 figure

Bis[N,N-dimethyl-1-(10H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothia­zin-10-yl)propan-2-aminium] tetrakis­(thio­cyanato-κN)cobaltate(II)

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, (C16H20N3S)2[Co(NCS)4], comprises one monovalent isothio­pendylium cation and one-half of a divalent thio­cyanatocobaltate(II) anion (2 symmetry). The central thia­zine ring of the cation is slightly twisted in a boat-like fashion, with r.m.s. deviations from the mean plane of 0.272 (1) and 0.2852 (8) Å for the N and S atoms. The mol­ecular structure of the cation is stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond. Within the complex anion, the CoII atom is tetra­hedrally surrounded by four N atoms of the thio­cyanate ligands. π–π stacking, with a distance of 3.7615 (10) Å between the centroids of benzene and pyridine rings, helps to consolidate the packing

Laboratory and field studies of ice-nucleating particles from open-lot livestock facilities in Texas

In this work, an abundance of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) from livestock facilities was studied through laboratory measurements from cloud-simulation chamber experiments and field investigation in the Texas Panhandle. Surface materials from two livestock facilities, one in the Texas Panhandle and another from McGregor, Texas, were selected as dust proxies for laboratory analyses. These two samples possessed different chemical and biological properties. A combination of aerosol interaction and dynamics in the atmosphere (AIDA) measurements and offline ice spectrometry was used to assess the immersion freezing mode ice nucleation ability and efficiency of these proxy samples at temperatures above −29 ∘C. A dynamic filter processing chamber was also used to complement the freezing efficiencies of submicron and supermicron particles collected from the AIDA chamber. For the field survey, periodic ambient particle sampling took place at four commercial livestock facilities from July 2017 to July 2019. INP concentrations of collected particles were measured using an offline freezing test system, and the data were acquired for temperatures between −5 and −25 ∘C. Our AIDA laboratory results showed that the freezing spectra of two livestock dust proxies exhibited higher freezing efficiency than previously studied soil dust samples at temperatures below −25 ∘C. Despite their differences in composition, the freezing efficiencies of both proxy livestock dust samples were comparable to each other. Our dynamic filter processing chamber results showed on average approximately 50 % supermicron size dominance in the INPs of both dust proxies. Thus, our laboratory findings suggest the importance of particle size in immersion freezing for these samples and that the size might be a more important factor for immersion freezing of livestock dust than the composition. From a 3-year field survey, we measured a high concentration of ambient INPs of 1171.6 ± 691.6 L−1 (average ± standard error) at −25 ∘C for aerosol particles collected at the downwind edges of livestock facilities. An obvious seasonal variation in INP concentration, peaking in summer, was observed, with the maximum at the same temperature exceeding 10 000 L−1 on 23 July 2018. The observed high INP concentrations suggest that a livestock facility is a substantial source of INPs. The INP concentration values from our field survey showed a strong correlation with measured particulate matter mass concentration, which supports the importance of size in ice nucleation of particles from livestock facilities.</p

(2E)-1-(5-Bromothiophen-2-yl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C13H8BrClOS, the thiophene and phenyl rings are inclined by 40.69 (11) to each other. The crystal structure is characterized by C—H interactions, which link the molecules into broad layers parallel to (100). Short BrCl contacts [3.698 (1) A˚ ] link these layers along [100]