1,144 research outputs found
Enhancing the liquidity of U.S. Treasury securities in an era of surpluses - commentary
Treasury bills ; Government securities ; Liquidity (Economics) ; Debts, Public
Preparation for supervision: a study of twelve supervisors in six general hospitals
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit
A preliminary training guide for utilizing high-altitude, color-infrared photography in compiling soil maps
Instruction for acquiring and analytically processing small-scale color-infrared photography to perform a soil resources inventory over forests of the southern U.S. is provided. Planning the project; acquiring aerial photography, materials, equipment and supplemental data; and preparing the photography for analysis are discussed. The procedures for preparing ancillary and primary component overlays are discussed. The use of correlation charts and dichotomous keys for mountain landforms, water regime, and vegetation is explained
The role of evidence in nutrition policymaking in Ethiopia: institutional structures and issue framing
Malnutrition is the single greatest contributor to the global burden of morbidity and mortality, with most cases arising in low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, the multi‐sectoral nature of nutrition policy‐making adds considerable complexity to the implementation of effective programmes. This raises questions about why or how relevant policy change can come about within different country settings. This article examines multi‐sectoral nutrition policy‐making from the health sector perspective, specifically focusing on different sectoral perspectives and the role and use of evidence within this. Ethiopia provides a unique example of the challenging nature of multi‐sectoral nutrition policy‐making, even with a strong co‐ordinating infrastructure. In December 2014 we undertook 23 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders from key health sector organizations, along with a related documentary analysis. Participants represented a diverse range of perspectives, including government representatives, policy stakeholders, aid providers from multi‐lateral organizations and academic researchers. Our respondents described how nutrition framing in Ethiopia is changing, with greater consideration of overweight, obesity and non‐communicable diseases, as well as undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. However, overweight‐ and obesity‐related concerns are still less evident in key documents. Some health actors described the challenge of enacting structural policy changes when doing so requires engagement from the agriculture sector. While multi‐sectoral plans and infrastructure to address malnutrition are in place, respondents suggested that the mandate for addressing nutrition resting with the health sector was reinforced by the nature of evidence collected. This study of nutrition policy‐making in Ethiopia highlights the complex interaction of evidence within different conceptualisations of policy problems and responses. Despite Ethiopia's strategic framework and its progress in achieving terms of nutrition targets, it shares the challenge of countries elsewhere in addressing nutrition as a multi‐sectoral issue
The Role of occupational Information in Counseling, 1961
During the last several years the place or role of occupational information in the school systems of this country has been relatively undecided. It has ranged from 10 total hours of occupational information to 180 in schools that thought this information important enough to present at all. It has been and still is a required course in some colleges. The school counselor has the recognized duty of helping students plan so they will have the required courses to meet some educational goal. Some counselors feel a responsibility for presenting occupational information. Other counselors feel that the teacher should do so. Still others feel that the school bas no responsibility in this regard. The first purpose of this paper was to survey the literature concerning recent past and present positions of schools and authorities in regard to occupational information. A second was to determine what role, if any occupational information should play in counseling. This role must be compatible with the generally accepted theory of counseling. Current theories will have to be briefly touched upon to find if this compatibility exists
ESTIMATING RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF YOGURT USING DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE FREUNDLICH MODEL AND DESIGN MATRICES
The rheological properties described by the consistency coefficient and flow behavior index can be estimated from the relationship between shear stress and shear strain rate following a Freundlich model. An additional rheological property of concern to food scientists studying yogurt is yield stress. They extend the Freundlich model to include a three-parameter model called the Herschel-Bulkley model. In addition, the Herschel-Bulkley model is often linearized by taking logarithms of both sides. An additional complication is the viscometer limits the range of shear strain rates. The objectives of this study are to compare parameter estimates from the three models and to investigate the effects of different designs on the models
Multiscale Discriminant Saliency for Visual Attention
The bottom-up saliency, an early stage of humans' visual attention, can be
considered as a binary classification problem between center and surround
classes. Discriminant power of features for the classification is measured as
mutual information between features and two classes distribution. The estimated
discrepancy of two feature classes very much depends on considered scale
levels; then, multi-scale structure and discriminant power are integrated by
employing discrete wavelet features and Hidden markov tree (HMT). With wavelet
coefficients and Hidden Markov Tree parameters, quad-tree like label structures
are constructed and utilized in maximum a posterior probability (MAP) of hidden
class variables at corresponding dyadic sub-squares. Then, saliency value for
each dyadic square at each scale level is computed with discriminant power
principle and the MAP. Finally, across multiple scales is integrated the final
saliency map by an information maximization rule. Both standard quantitative
tools such as NSS, LCC, AUC and qualitative assessments are used for evaluating
the proposed multiscale discriminant saliency method (MDIS) against the
well-know information-based saliency method AIM on its Bruce Database wity
eye-tracking data. Simulation results are presented and analyzed to verify the
validity of MDIS as well as point out its disadvantages for further research
direction.Comment: 16 pages, ICCSA 2013 - BIOCA sessio
Exponential Distribution of Locomotion Activity in Cell Cultures
In vitro velocities of several cell types have been measured using computer
controlled video microscopy, which allowed to record the cells' trajectories
over several days. On the basis of our large data sets we show that the
locomotion activity displays a universal exponential distribution. Thus, motion
resulting from complex cellular processes can be well described by an
unexpected, but very simple distribution function. A simple phenomenological
model based on the interaction of various cellular processes and finite ATP
production rate is proposed to explain these experimental results.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Utilizing TAPBPR to promote exogenous peptide loading onto cell surface MHC I molecules.
The repertoire of peptides displayed at the cell surface by MHC I molecules is shaped by two intracellular peptide editors, tapasin and TAPBPR. While cell-free assays have proven extremely useful in identifying the function of both of these proteins, here we explored whether a more physiological system could be developed to assess TAPBPR-mediated peptide editing on MHC I. We reveal that membrane-associated TAPBPR targeted to the plasma membrane retains its ability to function as a peptide editor and efficiently catalyzes peptide exchange on surface-expressed MHC I molecules. Additionally, we show that soluble TAPBPR, consisting of the luminal domain alone, added to intact cells, also functions as an effective peptide editor on surface MHC I molecules. Thus, we have established two systems in which TAPBPR-mediated peptide exchange on MHC class I can be interrogated. Furthermore, we could use both plasma membrane-targeted and exogenous soluble TAPBPR to display immunogenic peptides on surface MHC I molecules and consequently induce T cell receptor engagement, IFN-γ secretion, and T cell-mediated killing of target cells. Thus, we have developed an efficient way to by-pass the natural antigen presentation pathway of cells and load immunogenic peptides of choice onto cells. Our findings highlight a potential therapeutic use for TAPBPR in increasing the immunogenicity of tumors in the future
Simulating carbon capture by enhanced weathering with global croplands: an overview of key processes highlighting areas of future model development
Enhanced weathering (EW) aims to amplify a natural sink for CO2 by incorporating
powdered silicate rock with high reactive surface area into
agricultural soils. The goal is to achieve rapid dissolution of minerals and
release of alkalinity with accompanying dissolution of CO2 into soils and drainage
waters. EW could counteract phosphorus limitation and greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions in tropical soils, and soil acidification, a common agricultural
problem studied with numerical process models over several decades.
Here, we review the processes leading to soil acidification in croplands and
how the soil weathering CO2 sink is represented in models. Mathematical
models capturing the dominant processes and human interventions governing
cropland soil chemistry and GHG emissions neglect weathering, while
most weathering models neglect agricultural processes. We discuss current
approaches to modelling EW and highlight several classes of model having
the potential to simulate EW in croplands. Finally, we argue for further integration
of process knowledge in mathematical models to capture feedbacks
affecting both longer-term CO2 consumption and crop growth and yields
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