669 research outputs found
Rosenbrock time integration for unsteady flow simulations
This contribution compares the efficiency of Rosenbrock time integration
schemes with ESDIRK schemes, applicable to unsteady flow and fluid-structure interaction
simulations. Compared to non-linear ESDIRK schemes, the linear implicit Rosenbrock-
Wanner schemes require subsequent solution of the same linear systems with different
right hand sides. By solving the linear systems with the iterative solver GMRES, the preconditioner
can be reused for the subsequent stages of the Rosenbrock-Wanner scheme.
Unsteady flow simulations show a gain in computational efficiency of approximately factor
three to five in comparison with ESDIRK
A multi-model incremental adaptive strategy to accelerate partitioned fluid-structure algorithms using space-mapping
High fidelity analysis of fluid-structure interaction systems is often too timeconsuming
when a large number of model evaluations are required. The choice for a
solution procedure depends often on the efficiency of the method and the possibility of
reusing existing field solvers. Aggressive Space-Mapping, a technique originally developed
for multi-fidelity optimization, is applied to accelerate the partitioned solution procedure
of a high fidelity fluid-structure interaction model. The method supports software modularity.
Aggressive Space-Mapping (ASM) is applied to an academic testcase and the
results are compared with the corresponding Incremental Quasi-Newton (IQN) method.
An efficiency metric is defined to facilitate the comparison. The ASM method is found
to be more efficient than the corresponding IQN method for the testcases considered.
The efficiency of space-mapping increases with increasing fluid-to-structure mass ratio,
indicating that the method is especially useful for strongly coupled problems
Southern ocean warming, sea level and hydrological change during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum
A brief (~150 kyr) period of widespread global average surface warming marks the transition between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, ~56 million years ago. This so-called "Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum" (PETM) is associated with the massive injection of <sup>13</sup>C-depleted carbon, reflected in a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Biotic responses include a global abundance peak (acme) of the subtropical dinoflagellate <i>Apectodinium</i>. Here we identify the PETM in a marine sedimentary sequence deposited on the East Tasman Plateau at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1172 and show, based on the organic paleothermometer TEX<sub>86</sub>, that southwest Pacific sea surface temperatures increased from ~26 °C to ~33°C during the PETM. Such temperatures before, during and after the PETM are >10 °C warmer than predicted by paleoclimate model simulations for this latitude. In part, this discrepancy may be explained by potential seasonal biases in the TEX<sub>86</sub> proxy in polar oceans. Additionally, the data suggest that not only Arctic, but also Antarctic temperatures may be underestimated in simulations of ancient greenhouse climates by current generation fully coupled climate models. An early influx of abundant <i>Apectodinium</i> confirms that environmental change preceded the CIE on a global scale. Organic dinoflagellate cyst assemblages suggest a local decrease in the amount of river run off reaching the core site during the PETM, possibly in concert with eustatic rise. Moreover, the assemblages suggest changes in seasonality of the regional hydrological system and storm activity. Finally, significant variation in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages during the PETM indicates that southwest Pacific climates varied significantly over time scales of 10<sup>3</sup> – 10<sup>4</sup> years during this event, a finding comparable to similar studies of PETM successions from the New Jersey Shelf
Paleoceanography and ice sheet variability offshore Wilkes Land, Antarctica – Part 3: Insights from Oligocene–Miocene TEX86-based sea surface temperature reconstructions
The volume of the Antarctic continental ice
sheet(s) varied substantially during the Oligocene and
Miocene ( 34–5 Ma) from smaller to substantially larger
than today, both on million-year and on orbital timescales.
However, reproduction through physical modeling of a dynamic
response of the ice sheets to climate forcing remains
problematic, suggesting the existence of complex feedback
mechanisms between the cryosphere, ocean, and atmosphere
systems. There is therefore an urgent need to improve the
models for better predictions of these systems, including resulting
potential future sea level change. To assess the interactions
between the cryosphere, ocean, and atmosphere,
knowledge of ancient sea surface conditions close to the
Antarctic margin is essential. Here, we present a new TEX86-
based sea surface water paleotemperature record measured
on Oligocene sediments from Integrated Ocean Drilling
Program (IODP) Site U1356, offshore Wilkes Land, East
Antarctica. The new data are presented along with previously
published Miocene temperatures from the same site.
Together the data cover the interval between 34 and
11 Ma and encompasses two hiatuses. This record allows us
to accurately reconstruct the magnitude of sea surface temperature
(SST) variability and trends on both million-year
and glacial–interglacial timescales.Julian D. Hartman, Francesca Sangiorgi,
Henk Brinkhuis, and Peter K. Bijl acknowledge the NWO Netherlands
Polar Program project number 866.10.110. Stefan Schouten
was supported by the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre
(NESSC), funded by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture
and Science (OCW). Peter K. Bijl and Francien Peterse received
funding through NWO-ALW VENI grant nos. 863.13.002 and
863.13.016, respectively. Carlota Escutia and Ariadna Salabarnada
thank the Spanish Ministerio de EconimÃa y Competitividad for
grant CTM2014-60451-C2-1-P. We thank Alexander Ebbing
and Anja Bruls for GDGT sample preparation during their MSc
research. This research used samples from the Integrated Ocean
Drilling Program (IODP). IODP was sponsored by the US National
Science Foundation and participating countries under management
of Joined Oceanographic Institutions Inc
Oligomeric substances in ampicillin preparations : a comparison of Penbritin, Famicillin and Petercillin
CITATION: Van der Bijl, P. et al. 1988. Oligomeric substances in ampicillin preparations : a comparison of Penbritin, Famicillin and Petercillin. South African Medical Journal, 73:453-455.The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaAn investigation into the presence of potentially harmful oligomers in formulations of ampicillin for parenteral administration available in the RSA was undertaken by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Significant differences were found to exist between formulations.Publisher’s versio
Spin Excitations and Sum Rules in the Heisenberg Antiferromagnet
Various bounds for the energy of collective excitations in the Heisenberg
antiferromagnet are presented and discussed using the formalism of sum rules.
We show that the Feynman approximation significantly overestimates (by about
30\% in the square lattice) the spin velocity due to the non
negligible contribution of multi magnons to the energy weighted sum rule. We
also discuss a different, Goldstone type bound depending explicitly on the
order parameter (staggered magnetization). This bound is shown to be
proportional to the dispersion of classical spin wave theory with a
q-independent normalization factor. Rigorous bounds for the excitation energies
in the anisotropic Heisenberg model are also presented.Comment: 26 pages, Plain TeX including 1 PostScript figure, UTF-307-10/9
Outcomes of surgery and postoperative radiation therapy in managing medullary thyroid carcinoma
Background and Objectives We evaluated the outcomes of surgery with or without postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) in the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Methods From two tertiary cancer centers, 297 consecutive patients with MTC treated with PORT (n = 46) between 1990 and 2016 or surgery alone (n = 251) between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed. Results Ten-year cumulative incidences of locoregional and distant failure were 30.2% and 24.9% in the surgery cohort, and 16.9% and 55.2% in the PORT cohort. In the surgery alone cohort, T4 disease, extrathyroidal extension, N1 disease, extranodal extension (ENE), and residual disease after surgery were associated with local failure. The PORT cohort had significantly higher proportions of patients with T4 disease, N1 disease, ENE, and residual disease. Conclusions High-risk clinical features can help identify patients with MTC at high-risk for local failure after surgery alone. Patients with high-risk clinical features had effective locoregional control after PORT
Fermionization of a bosonic gas under highly-elongated confinement: A diffusion quantum Monte Carlo study
The diffusion quantum Monte Carlo technique is used to solve the many-body
Schroedinger equation fully quantum mechanically and nonperturbatively for
bosonic atomic gases in cigar-shaped confining potentials. By varying the
aspect ratio of the confining potential from 1 (spherical trap) to 10000
(highly elongated trap), we characterize the transition from the
three-dimensional regime to the (quasi-)one-dimensional regime. Our results
confirm that the bosonic gas undergoes ``fermionization'' for large aspect
ratios. Importantly, many-body correlations are included explicitly in our
approach.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
Structure of boson systems beyond the mean-field
We investigate systems of identical bosons with the focus on two-body
correlations. We use the hyperspherical adiabatic method and a decomposition of
the wave function in two-body amplitudes. An analytic parametrization is used
for the adiabatic effective radial potential. We discuss the structure of a
condensate for arbitrary scattering length. Stability and time scales for
various decay processes are estimated. The previously predicted Efimov-like
states are found to be very narrow. We discuss the validity conditions and
formal connections between the zero- and finite-range mean-field
approximations, Faddeev-Yakubovskii formulation, Jastrow ansatz, and the
present method. We compare numerical results from present work with mean-field
calculations and discuss qualitatively the connection with measurements.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures, submitted to J. Phys. B. Ver. 2 is 28 pages with
modified figures and discussion
Parotid Gland Stem Cell Sparing Radiation Therapy for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer:A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) frequently leads to salivary gland damage and subsequent xerostomia. The radiation response of parotid glands of rats, mice, and patients critically depends on dose to its stem cells, mainly located in the gland's main ducts (stem cell rich (SCR) region). Therefore, this double-blind randomized controlled trial aimed to test the hypothesis that parotid gland stem cell sparing radiotherapy preserves parotid gland function better than currently-used whole parotid gland sparing radiotherapy. METHODS: HNC patients (n=102) treated with definitive radiotherapy were randomized between standard parotid sparing and stem cell sparing (SCS) techniques. The primary endpoint was >75% reduction in parotid gland saliva production compared to pretreatment production (FLOW12M). Secondary endpoints were several aspects of xerostomia 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were assigned to the standard arm and 48 to the SCS arm. Only dose to the SCR regions (contralateral 16 and 11 Gy (p=0.004) and ipsilateral 26 and 16 Gy (p=0.001), standard and SCS arm respectively) and pretreatment patient-rated daytime xerostomia (35% and 13% (p=0.01), standard and SCS arm respectively) differed significantly between the arms. In the SCS arm, 1 patient (2.8%) experienced FLOW12M compared to 2 (4.9%) in the standard arm (p=1.00). However, a trend towards better relative parotid gland salivary function in favor of SCS radiotherapy was shown. Moreover, multivariable analysis showed that mean contralateral SCR region dose was the strongest dosimetric predictor for moderate-to-severe patient-rated daytime xerostomia and grade ≥2 physician-rated xerostomia, the latter including complaints of alteration in diet. CONCLUSIONS: No significant better parotid function was observed in SCS radiotherapy. However, additional multivariable analysis showed that dose to the SCR region was more predictive for development of parotid gland function related xerostomia endpoints, than dose to the entire parotid gland
- …