Clinical and Histopathological Study on Dermatophytes Infections Caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes Using Animal Model

Background: dermatophytes are parasitic fungi that infect skin, hair and nails of both humans and animals, they are the primary causative agent of dermatophytosis, a major public health concern in some geographic regions. Objective : To study the pathogenesis of dermatophytes infections and the antifungal activity of essential oil extract of  Lavandula  intermedia. Methods: Zoophilic strain of Ttichophyton mentagrophytes isolated from  dermatophytic patients infected with tinea corporis inoculated in the back of the rabbits using the abrasion (non-occlusion) method. Results: Twenty animals were categorized into two groups as follows: control groups involved 10 animals, 5 animals were subjected to  abrasion only, and other 5 animals were subjected to infection (after abrasion).While the other ten animals represented by study groups which involved 5 animals were exposed to infection and treated in 10th day of infection with 1% terbinafine and the other 5 animals  were treated with 10% lavender essential oil extract(it gave 5%and 10% MIC and MFC respectively). The treated animals showed healing in 12-14 day, while not treated animals showed spontaneous healing in 35-40 day. Conclusion: Rabbit model was found to be useful in the primary screening and evaluation of the anti-dermatophytic efficacy of topical formulations of antifungal agents. T. mentagrophytes produced infection in rabbit's skin in 2X106 cells /ml. Lavender essential oil could be used as alternative antifungal agents in treatment of dermatophytosis in chronic diseases ,immunocompromised and immunosuppressed drugs therapy patients. Key words : Dermatophytosis, T. mentagrophytes animal mode

The modified BenjaminBona-Mahony equation via the extended generalized Riccati equation mapping method

Abstract The generalized Riccati equation mapping is extended together with the ( ) expansion method and is a powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. In this article, we construct twenty seven new exact traveling wave solutions including solitons and periodic solutions of the modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation by applying the extended generalized Riccati equation mapping method. In this method, implemented as the auxiliary equation, where , r s and p are arbitrary constants and called the generalized Riccati equation. The obtained solutions are described in four different families including the hyperbolic functions, the trigonometric functions and the rational functions. In addition, it is worth mentioning that one of newly obtained solutions is identical for a special case with already published result which validates our other solutions. Mathematics Subject Classification: 35K99, 35P99, 35P05 Keywords: The modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation, the generalized Riccati equation, the ( ) / G G ′ -expansion method, traveling wave solutions, nonlinear evolution equations

Prevalence of Dermatophytes Skin Infections in Babylon Province

Background: Dermatophytosis is an infection produced by dermatophytic fungi in the keratinized tissues. Dermatophytes are fungi that infect skin, hair and nails of both humans and animals, they are the primary causative agent of dermatophytosis. Objective :   Detecting the types and the frequencies of the dermatophytes infections in Babylon Province. Methods:   In this study, 254 specimens  of dermatophytic patients are collected in Babylon province. Collection of Specimens include: skin Scrapings, hair fragments and nail clippings  . The specimens were diagnosed by direct microscopic examination and culture. Results : 213 (83.86%) specimens of dermatophytes infection were positive in direct microscopic examination and culture , and used in phenotypic diagnosis .Tinea  corporis was the predominant infection in 106 (41.73%)   patients, Ttichophyton  rubrum showed the highest frequency of dermatophytes isolates 36 (16.90%) , Ttichophyton mentagrophytes 31 (14.55%)  and Microsporum canis 30 (14.08%). The invasion of  hair was ectothrix type, forming masses of arthroconidia on the outside of the hair shaft  in 57 (78.08%) specimens, while the invasion of hair was endothrix type, and abundant sporulation inside the hair shaft causes breakage of the hair near the surface of the scalp in 16 (21.92%) specimens. Conclusion: Tinea corporis was the predominant infection. T. rubrum , T. mentagrophytes and M.  canis showed the highest frequency of dermatophytes isolates. Positive direct microscopic  examination and culture isolates could be  used in phenotypic diagnosis. Key words : Dermatophytosis, T. rubrum , T. mentagrophytes and M.  cani

Development of a new 3D model for the prediction of residual stress and fracture behaviour in Ti-6Al-4V after ultrasonic peening treatment

Experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to determine the residual stress in Ti-6Al-4V after Ultrasonic Peening Treatment (UPT). Ultrasonic vibration output from the test equipment transducer was employed as the load to simulate the test conditions and the residual compressive stress in the material was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A Johnson-Cook constitutive model was used to describe the rate-dependent stress-strain and failure behaviour of a sample. Based on motion analysis of the peening needle, a new 3D peen-rebound-peen (PRP) finite element model was developed to predict the stress field during and after the UPT process, using ABAQUS. The residual stresses predicted by the PRP model are in good agreement with the XRD results for the same peening and sample conditions. The effect of the gap width between the needle and the sample, the constitutive model parameters, and the peening duration were also studied

The effect of direct thermal method, temperature and time on microstructure of a cast aluminum alloy

The direct thermal method is used for the creation of globular microstructures suitable for semi-solid metal forming. In this paper both simulation and experimental results using direct thermal method are presented. ProCAST® software was used to estimate temperature distribution inside the aluminium billet. In validation work, molten aluminium A356 was poured into metallic copper tube moulds and cooled down to the semi-solid temperature before being quenched in water at room temperature. The effect of pouring temperatures of 630°C, 650°C, 665°C, 680°C and holding times of 45s and 60s on the microstructure of aluminium A356 alloy were investigated. The simulation results showed that the average temperature rate within the copper mould, from initial pouring temperature to just before quenching, was approximately 1°C/s. Examination of the solidified microstructures showed that the microstructure was more spherical when lower pouring temperatures and holding periods were used. From the micrographs it was found that the most globular and smallest structures were achieved at processing parameters of 630°C and 45s

Climate change affecting oil palm agronomy, and oil palm cultivation increasing climate change, require amelioration

Palm oil is used in various valued commodities and is a large global industry worth over US$ 50 billion annually. Oil palms (OP) are grown commercially in Indonesia and Malaysia and other countries within Latin America and Africa. The large-scale land-use change has high ecological, economic, and social impacts. Tropical countries in particular are affected negatively by climate change (CC) which also has a detrimental impact on OP agronomy, whereas the cultivation of OP increases CC. Amelioration of both is required. The reduced ability to grow OP will reduce CC, which may allow more cultivation tending to increase CC, in a decreasing cycle. OP could be increasingly grown in more suitable regions occurring under CC. Enhancing the soil fauna may compensate for the effect of CC on OP agriculture to some extent. The effect of OP cultivation on CC may be reduced by employing reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plans, for example, by avoiding illegal fire land clearing. Other ameliorating methods are reported herein. More research is required involving good management practices that can offset the increases in CC by OP plantations. Overall, OP-growing countries should support the Paris convention on reducing CC as the most feasible scheme for reducing CC.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Grant/Award Number: UID/ BIO/04469/2013, COMPETE 2020 (POCI01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004); European Regional Development Fund through Norte2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of cobalt nanoparticles on mechanical properties of Sn–58Bi solder joint

Brittle phases are responsible for crack formation and propagation in tin–bismuth (Sn–58Bi) solder material. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of various cobalt (Co) nanoparticle (NP) concentrations on the tensile properties of the Sn–58Bi solder matrix. Different aging times were studied to find out the effect of Co NP on ultimate tensile strength. Tin–bismuth solder joints of different Co NP concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% were prepared. The reflow process was done at 180 °C for 1 min. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the solder joints. The tensile test was carried out for the Sn–58Bi and Sn–58Bi–xCo (x = 0.5, 1, and 2) solder joints. The tensile test was run before and after aging time. The tensile results reveal that the addition of Co NP increased the tensile strength significantly at different concentrations of Co NP. The Tensile test revealed that ductility was improved as the temperature was increased. As the aging time increased, the ultimate tensile strength of all samples decreased