6,731 research outputs found
Irreducible Representations of Diperiodic Groups
The irreducible representations of all of the 80 diperiodic groups, being the
symmetries of the systems translationally periodical in two directions, are
calculated. To this end, each of these groups is factorized as the product of a
generalized translational group and an axial point group. The results are
presented in the form of the tables, containing the matrices of the irreducible
representations of the generators of the groups. General properties and some
physical applications (degeneracy and topology of the energy bands, selection
rules, etc.) are discussed.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figures, 28 tables, 18 refs, LaTex2.0
Bleeding after dental extractions in patients taking warfarin.
ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of bleeding after dental extractions in subjects taking warfarin continuously before and after extractions whose International Normalised Ratio (INR) was below 4.0 at the time of extraction.MethodsThis was a case series study of 150 patients without controls who required extraction of at least one tooth under local anaesthetic. All sockets were subsequently packed with absorbable oxycellulose and sutured.ResultsA total of 58 women and 92 men were included (mean age 66 years); their ages were similar. The mean INR (S.D.) was 2.5 (0.56), although most patients had an INR less than 2.5 (n=101). Ten patients (7%) bled after extraction, enough to require a return to hospital. Five patients of 101 with an INR2.5 out of 49 bled after extraction (p=0.29). Bleeding after extraction was not associated with operative antibiotics. All patients who bled were managed conservatively and none was admitted to hospital.ConclusionPatients taking warfarin whose INR is up to 4.0 and who have dental extractions in hospital do not have clinically significant bleeds post-operatively
Relativistic ionization-rescattering with tailored laser pulses
The interaction of relativistically strong tailored laser pulses with an
atomic system is considered. Due to a special tailoring of the laser pulse, the
suppression of the relativistic drift of the ionized electron and a dramatic
enhancement of the rescattering probability is shown to be achievable. The high
harmonic generation rate in the relativistic regime is calculated and shown to
be increased by several orders of magnitude compared to the case of
conventional laser pulses. The energies of the revisiting electron at the
atomic core can approach the MeV domain, thus rendering hard x-ray harmonics
and nuclear reactions with single atoms feasible
Harmonic generation by atoms in circularly polarized two-color laser fields with coplanar polarizations and commensurate frequencies
The generation of harmonics by atoms or ions in a two-color, coplanar field
configuration with commensurate frequencies is investigated through both, an
analytical calculation based on the Lewenstein model and the numerical ab
initio solution of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation of a
two-dimensional model ion. Through the analytical model, selection rules for
the harmonic orders in this field configuration, a generalized cut-off for the
harmonic spectra, and an integral expression for the harmonic dipole strength
is provided. The numerical results are employed to test the predictions of the
analytical model. The scaling of the cut-off as a function of both, one of the
laser intensities and frequency ratio , as well as entire spectra for
different and laser intensities are presented and analyzed. The
theoretical cut-off is found to be an upper limit for the numerical results.
Other discrepancies between analytical model and numerical results are
clarified by taking into account the probabilities of the absorption processes
involved.Comment: 8 figure
Substrate-mediated interaction and electron-induced diffusion of single lithium atoms on Ag(001)
Bayesian decomposition of the Galactic multi-frequency sky using probabilistic autoencoders
All-sky observations of the Milky Way show both Galactic and non-Galactic
diffuse emission, for example from interstellar matter or the cosmic microwave
background (CMB). The different emitters are partly superimposed in the
measurements, partly they obscure each other, and sometimes they dominate
within a certain spectral range. The decomposition of the underlying radiative
components from spectral data is a signal reconstruction problem and often
associated with detailed physical modeling and substantial computational
effort. We aim to build an effective and self-instructing algorithm detecting
the essential spectral information contained Galactic all-sky data covering
spectral bands from -ray to radio waves. Utilizing principles from
information theory, we develop a state-of-the-art variational autoencoder
specialized on the adaption to Gaussian noise statistics. We first derive a
generic generative process that leads from a low-dimensional set of emission
features to the observed high-dimensional data. We formulate a posterior
distribution of these features using Bayesian methods and approximate this
posterior with variational inference. The algorithm efficiently encodes the
information of 35 Galactic emission data sets in ten latent feature maps. These
contain the essential information required to reconstruct the initial data with
high fidelity and are ranked by the algorithm according to their significance
for data regeneration. The three most significant feature maps encode
astrophysical components: (1) The dense interstellar medium (ISM), (2) the hot
and dilute regions of the ISM and (3) the CMB. The machine-assisted and
data-driven dimensionality reduction of spectral data is able to uncover the
physical features encoding the input data. Our algorithm is able to extract the
dense and dilute Galactic regions, as well as the CMB, from the sky brightness
values only.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysic
Harmonic generation in ring-shaped molecules
We study numerically the interaction between an intense circularly polarized
laser field and an electron moving in a potential which has a discrete
cylindrical symmetry with respect to the laser pulse propagation direction.
This setup serves as a simple model, e.g., for benzene and other aromatic
compounds. From general symmetry considerations, within a Floquet approach,
selection rules for the harmonic generation [O. Alon Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 3743
(1998)] have been derived recently. Instead, the results we present in this
paper have been obtained solving the time-dependent Schroedinger equation ab
initio for realistic pulse shapes. We find a rich structure which is not always
dominated by the laser harmonics.Comment: 15 pages including 7 figure
Condition Monitoring of Railway Crossing Geometry via Measured and Simulated Track Responses
This paper presents methods for continuous condition monitoring of railway switches and crossings (S&C, turnout) via sleeper-mounted accelerometers at the crossing transition. The methods are developed from concurrently measured sleeper accelerations and scanned crossing geometries from six in situ crossing panels. These measurements combined with a multi-body simulation (MBS) model with a structural track model and implemented scanned crossing geometries are used to derive the link between the crossing geometry condition and the resulting track excitation. From this analysis, a crossing condition indicator Cλ1-λ2,γ is proposed. The indicator is defined as the root mean square (RMS) of a track response signal γ that has been band-passed between frequencies corresponding to track deformation wavelength bounds of λ1 and λ2 for the vehicle passing speed (f = v/ λ). In this way, the indicator ignores the quasi-static track response with wavelengths pre-dominantly above λ1 and targets the dynamic track response caused by the kinematic wheel-cross-ing interaction governed by the crossing geometry. For the studied crossing panels, the indicator C1-0.2 m,γ (λ1 = 1 and λ2 = 0.2) was evaluated for γ = u, v, or a as in displacements, velocities, and accelerations, respectively. It is shown that this condition indicator has a strong correlation with vertical wheel–rail contact forces that is sustained for various track conditions. Further, model calibrations were performed to measured sleeper displacements for the six investigated crossing panels. The calibrated models show (1) a good agreement between measured and simulated sleeper displacements for the lower frequency quasi-static track response and (2) improved agreement for the dynamic track response at higher frequencies. The calibration also improved the agreement between measurements and simulation for the crossing condition indicator demonstrating the value of model calibration for condition monitoring purposes
Reconstruction of sleeper displacements from measured accelerations for model-based condition monitoring of railway crossing panels
Railway switches and crossings (S&C, turnouts) connect different track sections and create a railway network by allowing trains to change tracks. This functionality comes at a cost as the load-inducing rail discontinuities in the switch and crossing panels cause much larger degradation rates for S&C compared to regular plain line tracks. The high degradation rates make remote condition monitoring an interesting prospect for infrastructure managers to optimise maintenance and ensure safe operations. To this end, this paper addresses the development of tailored signal processing tools for condition monitoring using embedded accelerometers in crossing panels. Multibody simulations of the dynamic train–track interaction are used to aid the interpretation of the measured signals in a first step towards building a model-based condition monitoring system. An analysis is performed using sleeper acceleration measurement data generated by 100 000 train passages in eight crossing panels. Based on the given data, a novel frequency-domain displacement reconstruction method is developed and the robustness of the method with respect to encountered operational variability of the measured data is demonstrated. The separation of the track response into quasi-static and dynamic domains based on deformation wavelength regions is proposed as a promising strategy to observe the ballast condition and the crossing geometry condition, respectively
Evaluation of the PAX8/PPARG Translocation in Follicular Thyroid Cancer with a 4-Color Reverse-Transcription PCR Assay and Automated High-Resolution Fragment Analysis
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