26 research outputs found
ΠΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
It is essential in interstitial Photodynamic therapy (iPDT) treatment planning to ensure a homogeneous distribution within a tumor volume using cylindrical diffusing fibers while keeping the surrounding tissue intact. Light distribution is simulated through two algorithms based on the diffusion equation assuming diffusers as light sources. The first algorithm analyzes the diffusion equation and studies the effects of different variables (optical properties, delivered power, diffuser length, and position). Next, optical properties of breast were applied to estimate the volume that receives accepted light dose from one diffuser. In the second algorithm, multiple diffusers were simulated in order to find the relation between the volume and the number of required diffusers which are needed to cover cubical or cylindrical volume with sufficient light dose. Throughout this study, real values of optical properties, clinical laser power, and treatment time were considered to evaluate sufficient light doses. This study is in agreement with previous works in that optical properties are the major factors influencing light distribution in iPDT. It is shown that for a homogeneous phantom mimicking breast cancer and cubical or cylindrical shape, the number of required fibers N equal WΓL or D2 respectively.ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (iPDT ) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
(ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ). ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Β ΠΏΡΠΈ iPDT. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ, ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ N ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ WΓL ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ D2 , ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
Biocontrol of Some Fungal Pathogen that Cause Plant Diseases by Some Bio Agents
Fungal plant pathogens are among the most important factors that cause serious losses to agricultural products every year. Biological control of plant diseases including fungal pathogens has been considered a viable alternative method to chemical control. In plant pathology, biocontrol applied some microbes to suppress soil borne and airborne pathogens in an attempt to replace existing methods of chemical control by fungicides, which often lead to resistance in plant pathogens. In this review, we present the effect of mycorrhizae, actinomycetes and Trichoderma on plant growth and biocontrol of some fungal pathogens under stress conditions. The biological performance of mycorrhizae and Actinomycetes in soil is important for plant growth and development in stressed environments. In agriculture, plant growth promoting Actinomycetes can be used as biocontrol microorganisms and they had a big role in antibiotic production. They are well- known as active producers of a wide range of secondary metabolites, antibiotics and volatile organic compounds that can inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. In particular, mycorrhizae and Trichoderma spores are found in soil and enhance both plant growth and decrease fungal infections. These antagonistic microorganisms are abundant in soils around the roots of economically and nutritionally valuable crops.Β Their interactions with plant pathogens can significantly affect plant health in various ways. Different mode of actions of biocontrol-active microorganisms in controlling fungal plant diseases Β Β include hyper parasitism, predation, antibiosis, cross protection, competition for site and nutrient and induced resistance. In conclusion, some microorganisms can used to suppress some phytopathogens and improve plant growth
Measuring Charge Transport in an Amorphous Semiconductor Using Charge Sensing
We measure charge transport in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) using
a nanometer scale silicon MOSFET as a charge sensor. This charge detection
technique makes possible the measurement of extremely large resistances. At
high temperatures, where the a-Si:H resistance is not too large, the charge
detection measurement agrees with a direct measurement of current. The device
geometry allows us to probe both the field effect and dispersive transport in
the a-Si:H using charge sensing and to extract the density of states near the
Fermi energy.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Spin-Atomic Vibration Interaction and Spin-Flip Hamiltonian of a Single Atomic Spin in a Crystal Field
We derive the spin-atomic vibration interaction and the
spin-flip Hamiltonian of a single atomic spin in a crystal field.
We here apply the perturbation theory to a model with the spin-orbit
interaction and the kinetic and potential energies of electrons. The model also
takes into account the difference in vibration displacement between an
effective nucleus and electrons, \Delta {{\boldmath r}}. Examining the
coefficients of and , we first show that
appears for \Delta {{\boldmath r}}0, while is present
independently of \Delta {{\boldmath r}}. As an application, we next obtain
and of an Fe ion in a crystal field of tetragonal
symmetry. It is found that the magnitudes of the coefficients of
can be larger than those of the conventional spin-phonon interaction depending
on vibration frequency. In addition, transition probabilities per unit time due
to and are investigated for the Fe ion with an
anisotropy energy of , where is an anisotropy constant and
is the component of a spin operator.Comment: 55 pages, 17 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 (2010)
No. 11, typos correcte
Biocontrol of Some Fungal Pathogen that Cause Plant Diseases by Some Bio Agents
Fungal plant pathogens are among the most important factors that cause serious losses to agricultural products every year. Biological control of plant diseases including fungal pathogens has been considered a viable alternative method to chemical control. In plant pathology, biocontrol applied some microbes to suppress soil borne and airborne pathogens in an attempt to replace existing methods of chemical control by fungicides, which often lead to resistance in plant pathogens. In this review, we present the effect of mycorrhizae, actinomycetes and Trichoderma on plant growth and biocontrol of some fungal pathogens under stress conditions. The biological performance of mycorrhizae and Actinomycetes in soil is important for plant growth and development in stressed environments. In agriculture, plant growth promoting Actinomycetes can be used as biocontrol microorganisms and they had a big role in antibiotic production. They are well- known as active producers of a wide range of secondary metabolites, antibiotics and volatile organic compounds that can inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. In particular, mycorrhizae and Trichoderma spores are found in soil and enhance both plant growth and decrease fungal infections. These antagonistic microorganisms are abundant in soils around the roots of economically and nutritionally valuable crops.Β Their interactions with plant pathogens can significantly affect plant health in various ways. Different mode of actions of biocontrol-active microorganisms in controlling fungal plant diseases Β Β include hyper parasitism, predation, antibiosis, cross protection, competition for site and nutrient and induced resistance. In conclusion, some microorganisms can used to suppress some phytopathogens and improve plant growth
A diffusion equation based algorithm for determination of the optimal number of fibers used for breast cancer treatment planning in photodynamic therapy
It is essential in interstitial Photodynamic therapy (iPDT) treatment planning to ensure a homogeneous distribution within a tumor volume using cylindrical diffusing fibers while keeping the surrounding tissue intact. Light distribution is simulated through two algorithms based on the diffusion equation assuming diffusers as light sources. The first algorithm analyzes the diffusion equation and studies the effects of different variables (optical properties, delivered power, diffuser length, and position). Next, optical properties of breast were applied to estimate the volume that receives accepted light dose from one diffuser. In the second algorithm, multiple diffusers were simulated in order to find the relation between the volume and the number of required diffusers which are needed to cover cubical or cylindrical volume with sufficient light dose. Throughout this study, real values of optical properties, clinical laser power, and treatment time were considered to evaluate sufficient light doses. This study is in agreement with previous works in that optical properties are the major factors influencing light distribution in iPDT. It is shown that for a homogeneous phantom mimicking breast cancer and cubical or cylindrical shape, the number of required fibers N equal WΓL or D2 respectively
Factors associated with institutional delivery: Findings from a cross-sectional study in Mara and Kagera regions in Tanzania
In Tanzania, maternal mortality has stagnated over the last 10 years, and some of the areas with the worst indicators are in the Lake and Western Zones. This study investigates the factors associated with institutional deliveries among women aged 15-49 years in two regions of the Lake Zone. Data were extracted from a cross-sectional household survey of 1,214 women aged 15-49 years who had given birth in the 2 years preceding the survey in Mara and Kagera regions. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of various factors on giving birth in a facility. About two-thirds (67.3%) of women gave birth at a health facility. After adjusting for possible confounders, six factors were significantly associated with institutional delivery: region (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54 [0.41-0.71]), number of children (aOR, 95% CI: 0.61 [0.42-0.91]), household wealth index (aOR, 95% CI: 1.47 [1.09-2.27]), four or more antenatal care visits (aOR, 95% CI: 1.97 [1.12-3.47]), knowing three or more pregnancy danger signs (aOR, 95% CI: 1.87 [1.27-2.76]), and number of birth preparations (aOR, 95% CI: 6.09 [3.32-11.18]). Another three factors related to antenatal care were also significant in the bivariate analysis, but these were not significantly associated with place of delivery after adjusting for all variables in an extended multivariable regression model. Giving birth in a health facility was associated both with socio-demographic factors and women's interactions with the health care system during pregnancy. The findings show that national policies and programs promoting institutional delivery in Tanzania should tailor interventions to specific regions and reach out to low-income and high-parity women. Efforts are needed not just to increase the number of antenatal care visits made by pregnant women, but also to improve the quality and content of the interaction between women and service providers
Efficient fault detection, localization, and isolation in MT-HVDC systems based on distance protection and LoRaWAN communication
Multiterminal High-Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) systems offer numerous benefits compared to conventional alternating current (AC) power systems, including higher power density and improved efficiency. However, the need for adequate protection schemes for HVDC systems remains a significant obstacle to their widespread adoption. Much attention has been given to developing HVDC protection methods to address this. Moreover, the protection of MT-HVDC systems presents a challenge due to bidirectional power flow, dynamic system characteristics, and fault current characteristics that cannot be addressed using conventional methods. This paper represents a centralized protection unit based on a distance protection scheme that involves a two-stage relay process. The first stage involves fault detection by measuring voltage and current to obtain the system impedance, which is then compared to the reach point. The second stage involves identifying the fault location by selecting the correct faulty zone. This technique provides both main and backup protection. A central control unit supports the approach presented in this paper to communicate relays and update their settings. The LoRaWAN communication protocol is employed, as it provides more excellent coverage than other standardized communication technologies and can cover long distances. The proposed method is studied under different scenarios, including system contingency, simultaneous faults, fault resistances, locations, and types. The results of this technique provide the effectiveness of the proposed method. The fault can be cleared within 1.32β1.8Β ms