Children's liking and wanting of snack products: Influence of shape and flavour

Background : Children\u27s food choices are guided by their preferences. However, these preferences may change due to repeated exposure.Methods : This study investigated children\u27s (n = 242, 7&ndash;12 yrs-old) liking and wanting for snacks over 3 weeks of daily consumption. The snacks differed in size (small vs large) or flavour (sweet vs sweet-sour). Two conditions were designed: 1) a monotonous group in which children continuously consumed the same snack across the 3 weeks, and 2) a free choice group in which children were allowed to freely choose amongst 3 different flavours of the snack each day during 3 weeks.Results : Shape influenced long-term liking, i.e. small shaped snacks remained stable in liking over repeated consumption, whereas large shaped snacks with the same flavour decreased in liking. Mean wanting ratings for all snack products decreased over 3 weeks daily consumption. Flavour did not significantly influence liking and wanting over time. The ability to freely choose amongst different flavours tended to decrease children\u27s liking (p &lt; 0.1) and wanting (p &lt; 0.001) for these products. Changes in liking rather than initial liking was the best predictor of snack choice during the intervention.Conclusion : Wanting rather than liking was most affected by repeated daily consumption of snack foods over three weeks. In order to increase the likelihood that children will repeatedly eat a food product, smaller sized healthy snacks are preferred to larger sized snacks. Future research should focus on stabilizing wanting over repeated consumption.<br /

Stable Reconstruction of Anisotropic Objects from Near-Field Electromagnetic Data

This paper addresses the electromagnetic inverse scattering problem of determining the location and shape of anisotropic objects from near-field data. We investigate both cases involving the Helmholtz equation and Maxwell's equations for this inverse problem. Our study focuses on developing efficient imaging functionals that enable a fast and stable recovery of the anisotropic object. The implementation of the imaging functionals is simple and avoids the need to solve an ill-posed problem. The resolution analysis of the imaging functionals is conducted using the Green representation formula. Furthermore, we establish stability estimates for these imaging functionals when noise is present in the data. To illustrate the effectiveness of the methods, we present numerical examples showcasing their performance.Comment: 22 page

Abnormal neurofilament inclusions and segregations in dorsal root ganglia of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2E mouse model

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy is the most prevalent inherited peripheral neuropathy and is associated with over 90 causative genes. Mutations in neurofilament light polypeptide gene, NEFL cause CMT2E, an axonal form of CMT that results in abnormal structures and/or functions of peripheral axons in spinal cord motor neurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons. We have previously generated and characterized a knock-in mouse model of CMT2E with the N98S mutation in Nefl that presented with multiple inclusions in spinal cord neurons. In this report, we conduct immunofluorescence studies of cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from NeflN98S/+ mice, and show that inclusions found in DRG neurites can occur in embryonic stages. Ultrastructural analyses reveal that the inclusions are disordered neurofilaments packed in high density, segregated from other organelles. Immunochemical studies show decreased NFL protein levels in DRG, cerebellum and spinal cord in NeflN98S/+ mice, and total NFL protein pool is shifted toward the triton-insoluble fraction. Our findings reveal the nature of the inclusions in NeflN98S/+ mice, provide useful information to understand mechanisms of CMT2E disease, and identify DRG from NeflN98S/+ mice as a useful cell line model for therapeutic discoveries

Hubungan Antara Praktek Sumber Daya Manusia Dan Corporate Entrepreneurship: Studi Kasus Pada PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran praktek sumber daya manusia, yakni praktek perencanaan, penempatan kerja, penilaian, kompensasi dan pelatihan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia, gambaran praktek corporate entrepreneurship yang meliputi inovasi, pengambilan risiko dan tindakan proaktif karyawan, serta hubungan kedua variabel ini.Teknik analisa data dalam penelitian kuantitatif ini adalah statistik deskriptif dan korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jawaban responden terhadap variabel praktek sumber daya manusia dan corporate entrepreneurship tergolong sedang. Variabel pemberian kompensasi memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan terhadap inovasi dan pengambilan risiko. Semua variabel praktek sumber daya manusia memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap sikap proaktif Perusahaan, namun hanya penilaian kinerja yang memiliki hubungan positif

UPAYA KEPAILITAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BURUH MENDAPAT HAKNYA

The purpose of this research is to find out alternative efforts for workers to get their rights fulfilled through bankruptcy efforts. The research mixes and matches the norms found in the legislation with the facts obtained through interviews with a practitioner in bankruptcy law as a resource person. Legal efforts through bankruptcy can be used as an alternative for workers in demanding their normative rights that are not fulfilled by the company. The requirements for a bankruptcy application that must be fulfilled by workers are that they must have at least 2 (two) creditors, and it must be proven that there are debts that are due and can be collected. However, especially for workers, it is better to go through the PPHI procedure first until a decision is issued so that the lawsuit for bankruptcy is not considered premature by the Panel of Judges of the Commercial Court.Keywords: labor; curator; bankruptcy attemptAbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui upaya alternatif buruh untuk mendapat pemenuhan haknya melalui jalur upaya kepailitan. Penelitian memadupadankan antara norma-norma yang ditemukan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dengan fakta-fakta yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan narasumber seorang praktisi dalam hukum kepailitan. Upaya hukum melalui kepailitan dapat dijadikan upaya alternatif bagi buruh dalam menuntut hak-hak normatifnya yang tidak dipenuhi oleh perusahaan. Syarat permohonan kepailitan yang harus dipenuhi oleh buruh adalah setidaknya harus memiliki setidaknya 2 (dua)  kreditur, dan harus dapat dibuktikan terdapat utang yang jatuh waktu dan dapat dilakukan penagihan. Namun khusus bagi buruh lebih baik harus melalui prosedur PPHI terlebih dahulu hingga dikeluarkannya putusan agar gugatan permohonan pailit tidak dianggap prematur oleh Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Niaga

Oral Sulopenem and Tebipenem for Complicated Urinary Tract Infection and Pyelonephritis in patients with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram Negative, Susceptible Bacteria

ESBL-producing gram negative Enterobacteria is becoming more prevalent, and carbapenems play a key role in combating against ESBL for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI). However, carbapenems are only available intravenously in the U.S. FDA is currently reviewing the newly developed oral carbapenems (sulopenem and tebipenem) and have requested additional clinical trial information before granting approval for cUTI. Currently available phase 3 clinical trials for tebipenem and sulopenem are reviewed