ICPC-2-E: the electronic version of ICPC-2. Differences from the printed version and the consequences.

peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professionalBACKGROUND: In 1998, ICPC-2 was published as a book. In the process of translating the book, and preparing an electronic version of chapter 10 (the actual classification), ICPC-2 proved to contain many errors and inconsistencies. Particularly, major problems were identified in the conversion between ICPC-2 and ICD-10, which could lead to major errors when used in electronic patient records. OBJECTIVES: We prepared an electronic version of chapter 10 of ICPC-2, ICPC-2-E, with all necessary corrections, to be published on the Oxford University Press web site as a part of this article. METHODS: Errors and inconsistencies were redressed, including particularly those in the con-version structure with all consequences on the level of inclusion and exclusion criteria, through a process of careful checking. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ICPC-2-E, the electronic version of chapter 10 of ICPC-2, is specifically to be used in an electronic patient record and for research purposes. It is to be used together with the first nine chapters of ICPC-2, since the book is indispensable to make a correct use of ICPC

Non-bullous Lichen Planus Pemphigoides:A Case Report

is missing (Short communication)

Verbreding van de grondslagen voor de veredeling van gele voederlupine

The author has isolated 19 new alkaloid-free plants from a local variety of Lupinus luteus. In one of them freedom from alkaloids was not determined by one of the three known recessive genes. A line from wild Spanish origin was resistant to mildew. The gene for mildew resistance was indicated by Er. The author found resistance to wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum lupini) in Portuguese material. At least three physiological races are concerned. Some lines derived from the Dutch race have been attacked by mosaic disease only after flowering time.In plants from Palestine a rapid growing line (Pal-type) was found. Rapid growth was due to one dominant gene (Rp).An attempt was made to create highly productive varieties based on the Pal-type and on such types with a rapid juvenile development, resistance to mildew, wilt, mosaic disease, non-shattering pods which are easily threshable, soft- coated seeds and glabrous pods.The author showed how important the wild forms have been for the breeding. Only a small proportion of existing forms had been collected. A collection of lupins needed to be organized on an international footing, so that many countries may use these forms for their breeding work

Silver Complexation by Metallacryptates

We report the first complete characterization of metallycryptates encapsulating Ag(i) cations: carboxylato ligands derived from l-proline and l-alanine chelate and bridge six Cu(ii) centres arranged in a slightly distorted octahedral fashion

Relevance of the H_2 + O reaction pathway for the surface formation of interstellar water. Combined experimental and modeling study

The formation of interstellar water is commonly accepted to occur on the surfaces of icy dust grains in dark molecular clouds at low temperatures (10–20 K), involving hydrogenation reactions of oxygen allotropes. As a result of the large abundances of molecular hydrogen and atomic oxygen in these regions, the reaction H_2 + O has been proposed to contribute significantly to the formation of water as well. However, gas-phase experiments and calculations, as well as solid-phase experimental work contradict this hypothesis. Here, we use precisely executed temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments in an ultra-high vacuum setup combined with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to establish an upper limit of the water production starting from H_2 and O. These reactants were brought together in a matrix of CO_2 in a series of (control) experiments at different temperatures and with different isotopological compositions. The water detected with the quadrupole mass spectrometer upon TPD was found to originate mainly from contamination in the chamber itself. However, if water is produced in small quantities on the surface through H_2 + O, this can only be explained by a combined classical and tunneled reaction mechanism. An absolutely conservative upper limit for the reaction rate was derived with a microscopic kinetic Monte Carlo model that converts the upper limit into the highest possible reaction rate. Incorporating this rate into simulation runs for astrochemically relevant parameters shows that the upper limit to the contribution of the reaction H_2 + O in OH, and hence water formation, is 11% in dense interstellar clouds. Our combined experimental and theoretical results indicate, however, that this contribution is most likely much lower

Self-Awareness After Brain Injury:Relation with Emotion Recognition and Effects of Treatment

Item does not contain fulltextSelf-awareness is often impaired after acquired brain injury (ABI) and this hampers rehabilitation, in general: unrealistic reports by patients about their functioning and poor motivation and compliance with treatment. We evaluated a self-awareness treatment that was part of a treatment protocol on executive dysfunction (Spikman, Boelen, Lamberts, Brouwer, & Fasotti, 2010). A total of 63 patients were included, aged 17-70, suffering non-progressive ABI, and minimum time post-onset of 3 months. Self-awareness was measured by comparing the patient's Dysexecutive Questionnaire (Wilson, Alderman, Burgess, Emslie, & Evans, 1996) score with that of an independent other. As emotion recognition is associated with self-awareness and influences the effect of rehabilitation treatment, we assessed this function using the Facial Expressions of Emotion-Stimuli and Tests (Young, Perrett, Calder, Sprengelmeyer, & Ekman, 2002). Results showed that patients in the experimental treatment group (n = 29) had better self-awareness after training than control patients (n = 34). Moreover, our results confirmed that the level of self-awareness before treatment was related to emotion recognition. Hence, self-awareness can improve after neuropsychological treatment fostering self-monitoring. Since neuropsychological treatment involves social learning, impairments in social cognition should be taken into account before starting and during treatment.8 p

Effectiveness and Safety of Rituximab in Recalcitrant Pemphigoid Diseases

Introduction: Rituximab (RTX) is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, a transmembrane protein expressed on B cells, causing B cell depletion. RTX has shown great efficacy in studies of pemphigus vulgaris, but data of pemphigoid diseases are limited. Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of RTX in pemphigoid diseases. Methods: The medical records of 28 patients with pemphigoid diseases that were treated with RTX were reviewed retrospectively. Early and late endpoints, defined according to international consensus, were disease control (DC), partial remission (PR), complete remission (CR), and relapses. Safety was measured by reported adverse events. Results: Patients with bullous pemphigoid (n = 8), mucous membrane pemphigoid (n = 14), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (n = 5), and linear IgA disease (n = 1) were included. Treatment with 500 mg RTX (n = 6) or 1,000 mg RTX (n = 22) was administered on days 1 and 15. Eight patients received additional 500 mg RTX at months 6 and 12. Overall, DC was achieved in 67.9%, PR in 57.1%, and CR in 21.4% of the cases. During follow-up, 66.7% patients relapsed. Repeated treatment with RTX led to remission (PR or CR) in 85.7% of the retreated cases. No significant difference in response between pemphigoid subtypes was found. IgA-dominant cases (n = 5) achieved less DC (20 vs. 81.3%; p = 0.007), less PR (20 vs. 62.5%; p = 0.149), and less CR (0 vs. 18.8%; p = 0.549) compared to IgG-dominant cases (n = 16). Five severe adverse events and three deaths were reported. One death was possibly related to RTX and one death was disease related. Conclusion: RTX can be effective in recalcitrant IgG-dominant pemphigoid diseases, however not in those where IgA is dominant