A sensorimotor area (NIf) is required for the production of learned vocalizations

Sensory feedback is essential for the acquisition of complex motor behaviors, including birdsong. In zebra finches, auditory feedback is relayed to the descending motor pathway primarily through the nucleus interfacialis nidopalii (NIf). NIf projects to HVC - a premotor region essential for song, which projects to RA, a motor cortex analogue brain area that drives muscle activity required for vocalizations. NIf is also essential for ‘sleep replay’, a recapitulation of song-related neural dynamics in the motor pathway during sleep. Despite being one of the major inputs to the song control pathway, there is no known role for NIf in the production of zebra finch song. To address this, we reversibly inactivated NIf using TTX or Muscimol in 13 birds. We compared songs before and during inactivation and found large effects of NIf inactivation on song structure. Vocalizations after NIf inactivation resembled subsong, highly variable utterances typical of the very early phases of song learning. Subsong is driven by LMAN, the output nucleus of an avian basal ganglia circuit that projects to RA. To verify that NIf inactivations indeed switched song control from HVC to LMAN, we inactivated LMAN in conjunction with NIf in four birds. As with LMAN inactivations after HVC lesions, this manipulation led to a complete cessation of singing. We also lesioned NIf using ibotenic acid and saw the song recover within a day, consistent with previous studies. Our results show that NIf input to HVC is acutely necessary for generating learned vocal behavior in songbirds, and that in its absence vocal production reverts to subsong driven by LMAN. Absent NIf input, the song circuit reorganizes and recovers its ability to produce pre-lesion song over the course of 1-2 days, suggesting a redundant role for NIf that can be assumed by other parts of the song circuit

Boker, George H.

The Ballad of New Orleans. (Song)https://dh.howard.edu/og_poetry/1023/thumbnail.jp

Wind song: song with piano accompaniment

https://digitalcommons.ithaca.edu/sheetmusic/1171/thumbnail.jp

Drum Major\u27s Song : March Song

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4598/thumbnail.jp

MS-112: Deborah H. Barnes Papers

The collection contains papers accumulated by Deborah Barnes while she was a graduate student at Howard University and a professor at Gettysburg College. The bulk of the collection consists of course materials, including syllabi, handouts, course readings, and other resources used for course preparation and research. Special Collections and College Archives Finding Aids are discovery tools used to describe and provide access to our holdings. Finding aids include historical and biographical information about each collection in addition to inventories of their content. More information about our collections can be found on our website http://www.gettysburg.edu/special_collections/collections/.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/findingaidsall/1101/thumbnail.jp

Happier Living Contest Promotion

Happier Living Contest for Negro 4-H girls in Mississippi; contest promotional material includes \u27Dreaming,\u27 a \u274-H Club Song for Girls.\u27https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/mss-rob-sad-wier-papers/1192/thumbnail.jp

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM (Cd) PADA KERANG MERAH (ANADARA GRANOSA) DI PERAIRAN PESISIR KARANG SONG INDRAMAYU JAWA BARAT

Krisna Setiawati. 2016. Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) Pada Kerang Merah (Anadara granosa) Di Perairan Pesisir Karang Song Indramayu Jawa Barat . Dibimbing oleh Drs. H. Ahmad Mulyadi, M. Pd., Sebagai pembimbing I dan Dr. H. Uus Toharudin, M. Pd. Seabagai pembimbing II. Pesisir Karang song merupakan salah satu pesisir yang ada di Indramayu . D i sekitar pesisir Karang song banyak dilakukan aktivitas manusia yang menimbulkan pencemar an. P encemaran yang ditimbulkan menghasilkan limbah . L imbah yang dihasilkan lebih dominan limbah yang mengandung logam berat p enelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai kandungan logam berat kadmium (Cd) pada kerang merah (Anadara granosa) yang ada di perairan Karang song yang terletak di kabupaten Indramayu Jawa Barat, dengan cara bagian daging kerang diekstra k menjadi larutan agar lebih mudah dianalisis. Analisis kerang merah (Anadara granosa ) dilakukan di balai pengembangan laboraturium kesehatan provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini d ilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis AAS (Atomic Absoption Spectrophotometry) . Hasil dari analisis menunjukan bahwa pada kerang me rah (Anadara granosa) yang diambil dari perairan K arang song Indramayu pada setiap kuadran dalam dua stasiun yang digunakan mengandung kadar logam berat kadmium (Cd) , dengan kadar kadmium (Cd) tertinggi 0.6115 m g/kg dan kadar terendah 0.2085 mg/kg. Kata Kunci : Logam Berat, Pencemaran, Kerang Merah (Anadara granosa), Pesisir Karang Son