Study of Different Rates of Application of Pendimethalin and Acetochlor onWeed Infestation and Grain Yield of Fababean

A fababean weed control trial was conducted during the 2016-2017 growing season. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two preemergence herbicides Pendimethalin and Acetochlor on weed infestation in a fababean crop. Dominant weed botanical families in the experimental site belong to Asteraceae and Poaceae. Results showed that the improvement of fababean grain yield depends on the weed control efficacy. Treatment with Pendimethalin at 1228 g/ha widely decrease fababean weed infestations recording 91.7% and 90.56 respectively on visual efficacy rating and weed biomass reduction. Acetochlor at 1050 g/ha recorded the lowest efficacies 53.3% and 62.1% respectively on visual efficacy rating and weed biomass reduction. Plots treated with Pendimethalin at 1228 g/ha recorded the best yields with an average of 3.32 tons / ha

Devil's Thorn (Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.) Response to Tribenuron-methyl and 2,4-D in Ouazzane Region of Morocco

A soft wheat weed control trial was conducted during the 2016-2017 growing season. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two postemergence herbicides Tribenuron-methyl and 2,4 D on Emex spinosa infestation in a soft wheat crop. Treatments consist on two Tribenuron-methyl rates of application and two 2,4-D rates of application. The experimental design was a random block with tree repetitions and observations were made 60 days after application of herbicides. Results showed that treatment with Tribenuron-methyl at 9.50g/ha and 14.25g/ha widely decrease E. spinosa infestations. Tribenuron-methyl at 9.50g/ha recorded 87.8%, 86.1% and 90.5% respectively on E. spinosa density reduction, E. spinosa height reduction, and E. spinosa dry biomass reduction. Tribenuron-methyl at 14.25g/ha recorded 96.3%, 95.5% and 98.7% respectively on E. spinosa density reduction, E. spinosa height reduction, and E. spinosa dry biomass reduction. 2,4 D at 400g/ha and 600g/ha recorded the lowest efficacies that did not exceed 75.2% in all observed parameters

Characterization of filamentous fungi isolated from Moroccan olive and olive cake : toxinogenic potential of Aspergillus strains

During the 2003 and 2004 olive oil production campaigns in Morocco, 136 samples from spoiled olive and olive cake were analyzed and 285 strains were isolated in pure culture. Strains included 167 mesophilic strains belonging to ten genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Geotrichum, Mucor, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Acremonium, Humicola, Ulocladium as well as 118 thermophilic strains isolated in 2003 and 2004, mainly belonging to six species: Aspergillus fumigatus, Paecilomyces variotii, Mucorpusillus, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Humicola grisea, and Thermoascus aurantiacus. Penicillium and Aspergillus, respectively, 32.3 and 26.9% of total isolates represented the majority of mesophilic fungi isolated. When considering total strains (including thermotolerant strains) Aspergillus were the predominant strains isolated; follow-up studies on mycotoxins therefore focused primarily on aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) from the latter strains. All isolated Aspergillus flavus strains (9) and Aspergillus niger strains (36) were studied in order to evaluate their capacity to produce AFs and OTA, respectively, when grown on starch-based culture media. Seven of the nine tested A. flavus strains isolated from olive and olive cake produced AF B1 at concentrations between 48 and 95 mu g/kg of dry rice weight. As for the A. niger strains, 27 of the 36 strains produced OTA