4,431 research outputs found
Towards Understanding Spontaneous Speech: Word Accuracy vs. Concept Accuracy
In this paper we describe an approach to automatic evaluation of both the
speech recognition and understanding capabilities of a spoken dialogue system
for train time table information. We use word accuracy for recognition and
concept accuracy for understanding performance judgement. Both measures are
calculated by comparing these modules' output with a correct reference answer.
We report evaluation results for a spontaneous speech corpus with about 10000
utterances. We observed a nearly linear relationship between word accuracy and
concept accuracy.Comment: 4 pages PS, Latex2e source importing 2 eps figures, uses icslp.cls,
caption.sty, psfig.sty; to appear in the Proceedings of the Fourth
International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 96
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Prediction of regulatory targets of alternative isoforms of the epidermal growth factor receptor in a glioblastoma cell line.
BackgroundThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a major regulator of proliferation in tumor cells. Elevated expression levels of EGFR are associated with prognosis and clinical outcomes of patients in a variety of tumor types. There are at least four splice variants of the mRNA encoding four protein isoforms of EGFR in humans, named I through IV. EGFR isoform I is the full-length protein, whereas isoforms II-IV are shorter protein isoforms. Nevertheless, all EGFR isoforms bind the epidermal growth factor (EGF). Although EGFR is an essential target of long-established and successful tumor therapeutics, the exact function and biomarker potential of alternative EGFR isoforms II-IV are unclear, motivating more in-depth analyses. Hence, we analyzed transcriptome data from glioblastoma cell line SF767 to predict target genes regulated by EGFR isoforms II-IV, but not by EGFR isoform I nor other receptors such as HER2, HER3, or HER4.ResultsWe analyzed the differential expression of potential target genes in a glioblastoma cell line in two nested RNAi experimental conditions and one negative control, contrasting expression with EGF stimulation against expression without EGF stimulation. In one RNAi experiment, we selectively knocked down EGFR splice variant I, while in the other we knocked down all four EGFR splice variants, so the associated effects of EGFR II-IV knock-down can only be inferred indirectly. For this type of nested experimental design, we developed a two-step bioinformatics approach based on the Bayesian Information Criterion for predicting putative target genes of EGFR isoforms II-IV. Finally, we experimentally validated a set of six putative target genes, and we found that qPCR validations confirmed the predictions in all cases.ConclusionsBy performing RNAi experiments for three poorly investigated EGFR isoforms, we were able to successfully predict 1140 putative target genes specifically regulated by EGFR isoforms II-IV using the developed Bayesian Gene Selection Criterion (BGSC) approach. This approach is easily utilizable for the analysis of data of other nested experimental designs, and we provide an implementation in R that is easily adaptable to similar data or experimental designs together with all raw datasets used in this study in the BGSC repository, https://github.com/GrosseLab/BGSC
NaOH treatment of vacuum-plasma-sprayed titanium on carbon fibre-reinforced poly(etheretherketone)
Carbon fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF-PEEK) substrates were coated with titanium by vacuum-plasma-spraying and chemically treated in 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. After NaOH treatment, the specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) containing ions in concentrations similar to those of human blood plasma. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and diffuse reflectance Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse the NaOH-treated VPS-Ti surface and the calcium phosphate layer formed during immersion in SBF. It was observed that a carbonate-containing calcium phosphate layer was formed on the NaOH-treated VPS-Ti surface during immersion in SBF, whereas no calcium phosphate precipitation occurred on the untreated surfaces. It is therefore concluded that vacuum-plasma-spraying with titanium and subsequent chemical modification in 10 M NaOH solution at 60°C for 2 h is a suitable method for the preparation of bioactive coatings for bone ongrowth on CF-PEE
Dynamics in Colloidal Liquids near a Crossing of Glass- and Gel-Transition Lines
Within the mode-coupling theory for ideal glass-transitions, the mean-squared
displacement and the correlation function for density fluctuations are
evaluated for a colloidal liquid of particles interacting with a square-well
potential for states near the crossing of the line for transitions to a gel
with the line for transitions to a glass. It is demonstrated how the dynamics
is ruled by the interplay of the mechanisms of arrest due to hard-core
repulsion and due to attraction-induced bond formation as well as by a nearby
higher-order glass-transition singularity. Application of the universal
relaxation laws for the slow dynamics near glass-transition singularities
explains the qualitative features of the calculated time dependence of the
mean-squared displacement, which are in accord with the findings obtained in
molecular-dynamics simulation studies by Zaccarelli et. al [Phys. Rev. E 66,
041402 (2002)]. Correlation functions found by photon-correlation spectroscopy
in a micellar system by Mallamace et. al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5431 2000)] can
be interpreted qualitatively as a crossover from gel to glass dynamics.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
Is there a reentrant glass in binary mixtures?
By employing computer simulations for a model binary mixture, we show that a
reentrant glass transition upon adding a second component only occurs if the
ratio of the short-time mobilities between the glass-forming component
and the additive is sufficiently small. For , there is no
reentrant glass, even if the size asymmetry between the two components is
large, in accordance with two-component mode coupling theory. For , on the other hand, the reentrant glass is observed and reproduced only by
an effective one-component mode coupling theory.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Generalization of entanglement to convex operational theories: Entanglement relative to a subspace of observables
We define what it means for a state in a convex cone of states on a space of
observables to be generalized-entangled relative to a subspace of the
observables, in a general ordered linear spaces framework for operational
theories. This extends the notion of ordinary entanglement in quantum
information theory to a much more general framework. Some important special
cases are described, in which the distinguished observables are subspaces of
the observables of a quantum system, leading to results like the identification
of generalized unentangled states with Lie-group-theoretic coherent states when
the special observables form an irreducibly represented Lie algebra. Some open
problems, including that of generalizing the semigroup of local operations with
classical communication to the convex cones setting, are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, to appear in proceedings of Quantum Structures VII, Int. J.
Theor. Phy
Separability criteria and bounds for entanglement measures
Employing a recently proposed separability criterion we develop analytical
lower bounds for the concurrence and for the entanglement of formation of
bipartite quantum systems. The separability criterion is based on a
nondecomposable positive map which operates on state spaces with even dimension
N >= 4, and leads to a class of nondecomposable optimal entanglement witnesses.
It is shown that the bounds derived here complement and improve the existing
bounds obtained from the criterion of positive partial transposition and from
the realignment criterion.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Entanglement measure for general pure multipartite quantum states
We propose an explicit formula for an entanglement measure of pure
multipartite quantum states, then study a general pure tripartite state in
detail, and at end we give some simple but illustrative examples on four-qubits
and m-qubits states.Comment: 5 page
Behavioral and Cellular Tagging in Young and in Early Cognitive Aging
The ability to maintain relevant information on a daily basis is negatively impacted by aging. However, the neuronal mechanism manifesting memory persistence in young animals and memory decline in early aging is not fully understood. A novel event, when introduced around encoding of an everyday memory task, can facilitate memory persistence in young age but not in early aging. Here, we investigated in male rats how sub-regions of the hippocampus are involved in memory representation in behavioral tagging and how early aging affects such representation by combining behavioral training in appetitive delayed-matching-to-place tasks with the âcellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridizationâ technique. We show that neuronal assemblies activated by memory encoding were also partially activated by novelty, particularly in the distal CA1 and proximal CA3 subregions in young male rats. In early aging, both encoding- and novelty-triggered neuronal populations were significantly reduced with a more profound effect in encoding neurons. Thus, memory persistence through novelty facilitation engages overlapping hippocampal assemblies as a key cellular signature, and cognitive aging is associated with underlying reduction in neuronal activation
Weak antiferromagnetism due to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in BaCuOCl
The antiferromagnetic insulating cuprate BaCuOCl contains
folded CuO chains with four magnetic copper ions () per unit cell.
An underlying multiorbital Hubbard model is formulated and the superexchange
theory is developed to derive an effective spin Hamiltonian for this cuprate.
The resulting spin Hamiltonian involves a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya term and a more
weak symmetric anisotropic exchange term besides the isotropic exchange
interaction. The corresponding Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vectors of each magnetic
Cu-Cu bond in the chain reveal a well defined spatial order. Both, the
superexchange theory and the complementary group theoretical consideration,
lead to the same conclusion on the character of this order. The analysis of the
ground-state magnetic properties of the derived model leads to the prediction
of an additional noncollinear modulation of the antiferromagnetic structure.
This weak antiferromagnetism is restricted to one of the Cu sublattices.Comment: 13 pages, 1 table, 4 figure
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