A study of longitudinal oscillations of propellant tanks and wave propagations in feed lines. Part II - Wave propagation in elastic pipe filled with incompressible viscous fluid

Fluid wave propagation in liquid propellant feed syste

Synthetic phospholipid vesicles containing a purified viral antigen and cell membrane proteins stimulate the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Synthetic phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) containing the purified glycoprotein (G) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and solubilized membrane proteins from cells of the appropriate H-2 haplotype elicited H-2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that lysed VSV-infected target cells. The CTL were elicited by intact liposomes, not by released components. Thus, when spleen cells from VSV-primed H-2d X H- 2b hybrid mice were stimulated with liposomes having G protein + membrane proteins from cells with one of the parental H-2 haplotypes, the resulting CTL lysed only VSV-infected target cells with that parent's H-2 type. This result argues against the view that T cells in general recognize only processed antigenic fragments on macrophages. Moreover, liposomes were only effective when G protein and cell membrane proteins were included in the same vesicles. This result suggests that for effective interaction with CTL precursors the antigen (G protein) and products of the H-2 complex must be closer to each other than 600-1,000 angstrom, the diameter of the lipid vesicles used in this study

Diplomatic Control, Foreign Policy, and Change under Xi Jinping: A Field-Theoretic Account

This article outlines how Xi Jinping has exercised control over diplomatic actors, particularly China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and draws out the effects of this control for the ministry and for Chinese foreign policy. Leveraging Bourdieu's (1984) concept of "field," I demonstrate how Xi has - through processes of socialisation, restriction, and displays of fealty - bred local diplomatic field incentives in which actors exhibit more loyal, assertive, and disciplined behaviour. Next, I introduce the idea of "transversal disruption" - the potential of local fields to disrupt and introduce change on and in overlapping fields, and vice versa. Practice theorists have relatively little to say about inter-field effects, and this article seeks to fill this gap by showing how field rules in the transnational diplo-matic space can change when fields meet. I illustrate the above through three cases of field encounters: the multilateral Track II diplomacy field; the transnational fields of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN); and, the China-Malaysia bilateral diplomatic field

Expression of the murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein H by recombinant vaccinia virus

The sequence of the gene encoding glycoprotein H (gH) of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) strain Smith was determined and compared with the sequence of the gH of MCMV strain K181. Transcriptional analysis showed that gH is encoded by a large mRNA of 5.0 kb, which is synthesized late in infection. A recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the MCMV gH open reading frame was constructed (Vac-gH). Anti-MCMV serum precipitated a protein of 87K from Vac-gH-infected cells. Reactivity with a monoclonal antibody showed the identity of the MCMV gH with a 87K envelope glycoprotein described previously by Loh and Qualtiere. Immunization of mice with the Vac-gH recombinant gave rise to an anti-gH serum, which neutralized MCMV without complement in vitro

In vitro bioaccessibility of β-carotene in pumpkin and butternut squash subjected to different cooking methods

β-carotene, a type of provitamin A, is beneficial to our health. However, the compound needs to be released from its food matrix before being utilised by the body. Thus, understanding the bioaccessibility of β-carotene in the food consumed is a crucial step. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various cooking methods on bioaccessibility of β-carotene in pumpkin and butternut squash. In vitro digestion was carried out on raw and cooked (steamed, boiled, and deep-fried) pumpkin and butternut squash. β-carotene was identified using RP-HPLC. Generally, butternut squash (4.99±0.02mg/100g) had higher β-carotene content than pumpkin (4.34±0.04mg/100g). Thermal processing resulted in lower β-carotene content in pumpkin samples; however, it increased the β-carotene content in butternut squash samples. In term of bioaccessibility, thermal processes increased the percentage of bioaccessible β-carotene in both pumpkin and butternut squash samples. Raw pumpkin had 10.56±0.44% of bioaccessible β-carotene while raw butternut squash had only 1.65±0.04%. Bioaccessibility of β-carotene in deep-fried pumpkin and butternut squash were significantly higher than their raw sample with 68.86±0.86% (p<0.001) and 22.32±2.12% (p<0.05) of bioaccessible β-carotene respectively. The deep-frying method was found to enhance the bioaccessibility of β-carotene significantly in both of these samples but not boiling and steaming methods

Bond-Propagation Algorithm for Thermodynamic Functions in General 2D Ising Models

Recently, we developed and implemented the bond propagation algorithm for calculating the partition function and correlation functions of random bond Ising models in two dimensions. The algorithm is the fastest available for calculating these quantities near the percolation threshold. In this paper, we show how to extend the bond propagation algorithm to directly calculate thermodynamic functions by applying the algorithm to derivatives of the partition function, and we derive explicit expressions for this transformation. We also discuss variations of the original bond propagation procedure within the larger context of Y-Delta-Y-reducibility and discuss the relation of this class of algorithm to other algorithms developed for Ising systems. We conclude with a discussion on the outlook for applying similar algorithms to other models.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures; submitte