PENGARUH KUALITAS AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA NIRWANA (Oreochromis sp.) PADA TAMBAK PAYAU

Kampung Holtekamp is a coastal area which is included in the administrative area subjected to coastal tourism and community-based aquaculture, including tilapia fish farming. Problems faced by fish farmers in Holtekamp is The water quality and the need for a source of water for pond management. The research was conducted in Holtekamp, Muara Tami District, Jayapura city. Direct observation and experiment method were applied in this research. The water of the pond has a pH range between 6.7 to 8.2. dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged between 6.9 mg/L to 13.9 mg/L. The value of total ammonia (NH3) for a month experienced an increase ranging from 1.14 mg/L to 1.73 mg/L. Then the brightness in the pond during the month ranged between  7 to 17.5 cm. While the temperature in the ponds ranged between 20.7°C to 35.2°C. Salinity had the value of 0 ‰ to 0.4 ‰. The results based on the length, the weight of fish and the water quality in tilapia fish farming nirvana pond indicated that the growth of fish seeds and some water quality parameters such as DO, ammonia, brightness, and the temperature in the ponds were classified as less good  Keywords: quality of water, brackish pond, Nila Nirwan

Penghidupan Berkelanjutan Masyarakat Pesisir Di Kampung Tobati dan Kayo Pulau Kota Jayapura

Abstrak  Di pesisir Kota Jayapura trend  kemiskinan terkait dengan berbagai sebab terutama kerusakan lingkungan atau degradasi sumberdaya alam. Kemiskinan dan kerusakan sumberdaya saling memperparah dan mengancam keberlanjutan proses pembangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengkaji kondisi eksisting aset penghidupan yang dimiliki masyarakat, (2) Mengkaji status aset penghidupan dan (3) Menentukan Strategi penghidupan berkelanjutan masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah pesisir Kota Jayapura. Ada dua unit analisis dalam penelitian ini : (1) Tingkat Makro miskin - kampung pantai/pesisir, dan (2) tingkat Mikro adalah rumah tangga miskin pesisir. Data primer dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner, observasi, wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion (FGD). Analisis kondisi eksisting sumberberdaya penghidupan dengan pendekatan studi literature dan dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan mengumpulkan kriteria dan indikator aset penghidupan di kampung Kayo pulau dan Tobati berdasarkan studi literatur. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif, skala likert tiga strata yang diperoleh dari data sekunder dan setiap item jawaban responden dilakukan untuk mengetahui status aset penghidupan. Tingkat penghidupan masyarakat di kampung kayo pulau tergolong tidak berkelanjutan. Sedangkan Tingkat penghidupan masyarakat di kampung Tobati tergolong belum berkelanjutan.   Kata Kunci: aset,penghidupan/livelihood, degradas

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG (Clarias gariepinus var) DI DALAM WADAH TERKONTROL

Quality feed with the right nutrient content can accelerate the process of fish growth so that the need for a very large feed operating costs between 60-70% can be anticipated. This study aims to determine the effect of commercial, natural and artificial feed on the absolute growth of weight and survival rate of Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus var). The study was conducted for 49 days with 20 catfish seedlings in 12 containers of 40 x 20 cm jars with 4 liters of water volume capacity. Experimental design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions times Hi-Pro-Vite 788 feed, silkworm (Tubifex sp.), tempe and tofu dregs. Measurement of seed weight every seven days and also measured water quality parameters. The results showed that the average growth of absolute seed weight of sangkuriang catfish with feeding of silkworm has the highest value of 4.54 grams and the lowest tempe feed is 3.84 grams. While the highest survival rate (SR) of catfish seed in silkworm feed was 93.3% and tempe feed was 75%. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the feed treatment of Hi-Pro-Vite 788, the silkworm, tempe and tofu dregs significantly influence the growth of absolute weight and survival rate (SR) of Sangkuriang catfish seeds.  Keywords: fish feed, sangkuriang catfish seed, absolute growth weight, survival rat

Laxative effects of agarwood on low-fiber diet-induced constipation in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Agarwood (<it>Aquilaria sinensis</it>), well known as incense in Southeast Asia, has been used as a digestive in traditional medicine. We investigated the laxative effects of an ethanol extract of agarwood leaves (EEA) in a rat model of low-fiber diet-induced constipation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A set of rats was bred on a normal diet while another set was placed on a low-fiber diet to induce constipation. The laxative effect of agarwood was then investigated on both sets of rats.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pretreatment of normal rats with single dose of EEA (600 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased frequency and weight of stools. Also, treatments with EEA (300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days caused a significant increase in stool frequency and weight. Feeding of the animals with a low-fiber diet resulted in a decrease in stool weight, frequency, and water content and also delayed carmine egestion. A single treatment with EEA (600 mg/kg) or senna (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly increased stool frequency, weight, and water content and also accelerated carmine egestion in the model rats. Once daily administrations of EEA (150 mg/kg), for 14 days, caused a significant increase in water content of stools. The higher doses of EEA (300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly increased frequency, weight, and water content of the stools while accelerating carmine egestion in the constipated rats. Senna (150 and 300 mg/kg) produced similar effect as the higher doses of EEA but, in addition, induced severe diarrhea.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings indicate that EEA has a laxative effect, without causing diarrhea, in a rat model of low-fiber diet-induced constipation. These findings suggest that EEA may be highly effective on constipation as a complementary medicine in humans suffering from life style-induced constipation.</p

Cimetidine inhibits salivary gland tumor cell adhesion to neural cells and induces apoptosis by blocking NCAM expression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cimetidine, a histamine type-2 receptor antagonist, has been reported to inhibit the growth of glandular tumors such as colorectal cancer, however the mechanism of action underlying this effect is unknown. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is well known as a malignant salivary gland tumor which preferentially invades neural tissues. We demonstrated previously that human salivary gland tumor (HSG) cells spontaneously express neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), that HSG cell proliferation may be controlled via a homophilic (NCAM-NCAM) binding mechanism and that NCAM may be associated with perineural invasion by malignant salivary gland tumors. We further demonstrated that cimetidine inhibited NCAM expression and induced apoptosis in HSG cells. Here, we investigated the effects of cimetidine on growth and perineural/neural invasion of salivary gland tumor cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, we have examined the effect of cimetidine on cancer cell adhesion to neural cells <it>in vitro</it>, one of the critical steps of cancer invasion and metastasis. We have also used an <it>in vivo </it>carcinogenesis model to confirm the effect of cimetidine.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have demonstrated for the first time that cimetidine can block the adhesion of HSG cells to neural cell monolayers and that it can also induce significant apoptosis in the tumor mass in a nude mouse model. We also demonstrated that these apoptotic effects of cimetidine might occur through down-regulation of the cell surface expression of NCAM on HSG cells. Cimetidine-mediated down-regulation of NCAM involved suppression of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, a transcriptional activator of NCAM gene expression.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings suggest that growth and perineural/neural invasion of salivary gland tumors can be blocked by administration of cimetidine via induction of apoptosis and in which NCAM plays a role.</p

Seroepidemiological study on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany:

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has spread rapidly across Germany. Infections are likely to be under-recorded in the notification data from local health authorities on laboratory-confirmed cases since SARS-CoV-2 infections can proceed with few symptoms and then often remain undetected. Seroepidemiological studies allow the estimation of the proportion in the population that has been infected with SARS-CoV-2 (seroprevalence) as well as the extent of undetected infections. The ‘CORONA-MONITORING bundesweit’ study (RKI-SOEP study) collects biospecimens and interview data in a nationwide population sample drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Participants are sent materials to self-collect a dry blood sample of capillary blood from their finger and a swab sample from their mouth and nose, as well as a questionnaire. The samples returned are tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 RNA to identify past or present infections. The methods applied enable the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections, including those that previously went undetected. In addition, by linking the data collected with available SOEP data, the study has the potential to investigate social and health-related differences in infection status. Thus, the study contributes to an improved understanding of the extent of the epidemic in Germany, as well as identification of target groups for infection protection

Cytotoxicity of rhein, the active metabolite of sennoside laxatives, is reduced by multidrug resistance-associated protein 1

Anthranoid laxatives, belonging to the anthraquinones as do anthracyclines, possibly increase colorectal cancer risk. Anthracyclines interfere with topoisomerase II, intercalate DNA and are substrates for P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 protect colonic epithelial cells against xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to analyse the interference of anthranoids with these natural defence mechanisms and the direct cytotoxicity of anthranoids in cancer cell lines expressing these mechanisms in varying combinations. A cytotoxicity profile of rhein, aloe emodin and danthron was established in related cell lines exhibiting different levels of topoisomerases, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and P-glycoprotein. Interaction of rhein with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 was studied by carboxy fluorescein efflux and direct cytotoxicity by apoptosis induction. Rhein was less cytotoxic in the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 overexpressing GLC4/ADR cell line compared to GLC4. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 inhibition with MK571 increased rhein cytotoxicity. Carboxy fluorescein efflux was blocked by rhein. No P-glycoprotein dependent rhein efflux was observed, nor was topoisomerase II responsible for reduced toxicity. Rhein induced apoptosis but did not intercalate DNA. Aloe emodin and danthron were no substrates for MDR mechanisms. Rhein is a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and induces apoptosis. It could therefore render the colonic epithelium sensitive to cytotoxic agents, apart from being toxic in itself

Multicentre Randomised trial of Acute Stroke treatment in the Ambulance with a nitroglycerin Patch (MR ASAP): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested that transdermal administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; nitroglycerin) in the first few hours after symptom onset increases the chance of a favourable outcome after ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage, possibly through an increase in intracranial collateral blood flow and a reduction in blood pressure. The Multicentre Randomised trial of Acute Stroke treatment in the Ambulance with a nitroglycerin Patch (MR ASAP) aims to assess the effect of transdermal GTN, started within 3 h after stroke onset in the prehospital setting, on functional outcome at 90 days in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage. METHODS: MR ASAP is a phase III, multicentre, randomised, open-label clinical trial with a blinded outcome assessment. A total of 1400 adult patients with suspected stroke and a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg will be randomised to transdermal GTN (5 mg/day), administered as a transdermal patch by paramedics in the prehospital setting within 3 h of stroke onset and continued for 24 h or to standard care. The primary outcome is the score on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, analysed with ordinal logistic regression. Secondary outcomes include blood pressure and collateral circulation at hospital admission, neurological deficit measured with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 24 h, and mortality and poor outcome (mRS score 3 to 6) at 90 days. This trial will be conducted in the Netherlands and will use a deferred consent procedure. The trial is part of the Collaboration for New Treatments of Acute Str

Characterization of colon cancer cells: a functional approach characterizing CD133 as a potential stem cell marker

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Isolation and characterization of tumourigenic colon cancer initiating cells may help to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We characterized a panel of fourteen human colon carcinoma cell lines and their corresponding xenografts for the surface expression of potential stem cell markers CD133, CD24, CD44, CDCP1 and CXCR4. In five cell lines and nine xenografts, mRNA expression of these markers was determined. Tumour growth behaviour of CD133+, CD133- and unsorted SW620 cells was evaluated <it>in vivo</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All five putative stem cell markers showed distinct expression patterns in the tumours examined. Two patient-derived cell lines highly expressed CD133 (> 85% of positive cells) and three other cell lines had an expression level of about 50% whereas in long-term culture based models CD133 expression ranged only from 0 to 20%. In 8/14 cell lines, more than 80% of the cells were positive for CD24 and 11/14 were over 70% positive for CD44. 10/14 cell lines expressed CDCP1 on ≥ 83% of cells. CXCR4 expression was determined solely on 94 L and SW480.</p> <p>Analyses of the corresponding xenografts revealed a significant reduction of cell numbers expressing the investigated surface markers and showed single cell fractions expressing up to three markers simultaneously.</p> <p>Statistical analysis revealed that the CXCR4 mRNA level correlates negatively with the protein expression of CD133, CD44, CD24 and CDCP1 in cell lines and xenografts.</p> <p>A lower differentiation grade of donor material correlated with a higher CDCP1 mRNA expression level in the respective tumour model.</p> <p><it>In vivo </it>growth behaviour studies of SW620 revealed significantly higher take rates and shorter doubling times in the tumour growth of CD133 positive subclones in comparison to the unsorted cell line or CD133 negative subclones.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data revealed correlations in the expression of surface markers CD44 and CD24 as well as CD44 and CDCP1 and strongly suggest that CD133 is a stem cell marker within our colon carcinoma panel. Further studies will elucidate its role as a potential therapeutic target.</p