Improving on-farm agricultural water productivity in the Karkheh River Basin

Improving On-farm Agricultural Water Productivity in the Karkheh River Basin (KRB) was a CPWF project that aimed at enhancement of agricultural water productivity (WP) under irrigated and rainfed conditions in Karkheh River Basin. It was launched in Iran through the partnership of ICARDA and the Iranian NARES under the Agricultural Extension, Education, and Research Organization. The project lasted for more than four years between 2004 and 2008. Whereas capacity building was an important part of the agenda, PN8 was a participatory, multi-disciplinary, and action-oriented project that carried out mostly on-farm trials. Findings included existing crop water productivity, suitable technologies for their improvement, interactions between the upper and lower KRB, and a review of the prevailing water policies and institution

New Transient Feature for Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Response Processing

AbstractThis paper presents the performance of metal oxide gas sensor response processing for the concentration detection of an analyte diluted in a neutral atmosphere. In the field of electronic nose, two applications are generally studied: identification of a gaseous atmosphere from other atmospheres, or the determination of the concentration of one gaseous atmosphere. This second application needs more accuracy either in the measurement set-up or in the response analysis. We propose in this study the performance comparison between two traditional features extracted from the sensor response and a new feature corresponding to the maximum (Peak) of the derivative curve of the time sensor response. The performance of this feature to obtain fast odor concentration identifications is discussed and compared to other traditional features

USCID fourth international conference

Presented at the Role of irrigation and drainage in a sustainable future: USCID fourth international conference on irrigation and drainage on October 3-6, 2007 in Sacramento, California.Includes bibliographical references.Based on the shortage of water resources in Iran and the high evapotranspiration rate in Khuzestan region (2044 mm/year), an irrigation system on Estamaran palm tree in the Experimental Farm of Shahid Rajaee of Omidiyeh plain was conducted. This study had two purposes, namely irrigation frequency and suitable depth of irrigation application of the Estamaran palm trees in Omidiyeh region. This study had two objectives. Irrigation frequency was the primary treatment and the evapotranspiration estimating methods was the secondary treatment. Three irrigation levels. i.e. one day long (A1), two day long (A2) and three day long (A3), were used as irrigation frequency. Also the evapotranspiration estimating methods used were, Penman-Montith 100% (B1), Penman-Montith 70% (B2), class A pan 100% (B3) and class A pan 70% (B4). Since this study had three replications, 36 palm trees were selected for this experiment. Cropwat software V.4 for windows, was applied for the evapotranspiration estimating from Penman-Montieth method. Irrigation scheduling was done according to SCS recommendations. Experimental design was according to split plot method in a randomized block. Finally by measuring the different growth indices of palm trees (leaf number, barb number and leaflet length) at a definite time, the best treatment was determined. The results showed that as a whole all the treatments in this experiment did not show a significant difference (up to 5% level) for the indicated indices. However, at the end of 4 month since the beginning of this study, the growth indices of trees in A2B1, A1B2 and A1B1 increased compared to other treatments. The result also indicated that, A1B2 was the best treatment of all. In comparison with the traditional irrigation by local farmers, using A1B2 treatment for all the palm trees (from Aug to Nov), will have 28422.34 m3 water saving in 3.87 hectare per month

Ranking the Cobalt Coating Nanostructures, Produced by Direct current Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

In recent years, cobalt coating has been known as an alternative material instead of chromium in corrosion and erosion resistant behavior. Extensive research has been carried out on a variety of electroplated cobalt coatings. In this study, for the first time, the relative priority of the cobalt coating has been calculated and ranked theoretically by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, through the AHP and the Expert Choice software, benefiting from expert opinions, the relative weights of the effective parameters on achieving nanostructure coating have been calculated. Then, by using the weights obtained, the relative priority of five available Co coatings was calculated and the quality of them was ranked. Among available Co coatings, the coating with 5 mA/ current density, pH 3, electrolyte saccharin of 0.25 grams per liter and a temperature of 45 °C during 30 minutes, in comparing with others had more favorable conditions for achieving nano-grain size. This shows that before experimental tests, the best alternatives to achieve the ultimate goal could be anticipated. This anticipation leads to reduce in trial and error and the multiplicity of the tests in investigations. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3488

Ranking the Cobalt Coating Nanostructures, Produced by Direct current Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

In recent years, cobalt coating has been known as an alternative material instead of chromium in corrosion and erosion resistant behavior. Extensive research has been carried out on a variety of electroplated cobalt coatings. In this study, for the first time, the relative priority of the cobalt coating has been calculated and ranked theoretically by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, through the AHP and the Expert Choice software, benefiting from expert opinions, the relative weights of the effective parameters on achieving nanostructure coating have been calculated. Then, by using the weights obtained, the relative priority of five available Co coatings was calculated and the quality of them was ranked. Among available Co coatings, the coating with 5 mA/ current density, pH 3, electrolyte saccharin of 0.25 grams per liter and a temperature of 45 °C during 30 minutes, in comparing with others had more favorable conditions for achieving nano-grain size. This shows that before experimental tests, the best alternatives to achieve the ultimate goal could be anticipated. This anticipation leads to reduce in trial and error and the multiplicity of the tests in investigations. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3488

Comparing the Ranking of Cobalt Coating Microstructures, Produced by Direct Current through Experimental Studies and the Analytic Hierarchy Process

In recent years, cobalt has been known as an alternative coating material to chromium in corrosion and erosion resistant applications. Extensive research has been carried out on a variety of electroplated cobalt coatings. In this study, for the first time, the relative priority of cobalt coatings has been evaluated by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in combination with empirical methods. In the first step, Cu substrates have been coated with Co under different experimental conditions. The SEM micrographs of Co coatings have been analyzed via image analysis (Clemex) software. In the second step, through the AHP and the Expert Choice software, benefiting from expert opinions, the relative weights of the effective parameters with an influence on microstructure have been calculated. Subsequently, by using the weights obtained, the relative priority of alternatives was calculated and the quality of coatings was ranked. The predicted ranking has been found to be in consistence with the experimental results. This result shows that before experimental tests, the best alternatives to achieve the ultimate goal could be anticipated. This anticipation leads to reduce in trial and error and the multiplicity of the tests in investigations. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3096

A distance-based decision model in interval-valued hesitant fuzzy setting for industrial selection problems

In a classical Group Decision-Making (GDM) analysis, the ratings of potential alternatives and the weights of criteria or Decision Makers (DMs) are known precisely. However, for dealing with uncertain situations, the DMs can de ne their opinions in linguistic variables based on fuzzy sets in industrial selection problems. In this respect, an Interval-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Set (IVHFS) is the suitable and capable theory that could help the DMs with assigning some interval-valued membership degrees to a candidate or option under a set. This paper introduces a novel Interval-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Distance-Based Group Decision (IVHF-DBGD) model by a group of DMs, in which the best potential alternative can be appraised and selected among the con icting criteria. In the proposed IVHF-DBGD model, the weight of each criterion is determined by extended IVHF-entropy method along with the DMs' opinions about the criteria's weights. Also, the weight of each DM is computed by a new IVHF-order preference method with the relative closeness. Moreover, this paper introduces a new IVHF-collective index to discriminate among potential alternatives in the selection process. Finally, the computational results with a robot selection from the literature indicate that the proposed IVHF-DBGD model is the suitable group decision-making tool for the industrial selection problems

USCID fourth international conference

Presented at the Role of irrigation and drainage in a sustainable future: USCID fourth international conference on irrigation and drainage on October 3-6, 2007 in Sacramento, California.Includes bibliographical references.Backpropagation Neural Network is applied to establish the relationship between meteorological factors and evapotranspiration, which is then used to predict the evapotranspiration in ChiaNan irrigated area, Taiwan. It takes the weather data from Irrigation Experiment Station of ChiaNan Irrigation Association as the input layer, which include the following weather factors: (1) the highest temperature; (2) the lowest temperature; (3) average temperature; (4) relative humidity; (5) wind speed; (6) sunlight hours; (7) solar radiation amount; (8) dew point; (9) forenoon ground temperature; (10) afternoon ground temperature. From the result it can be known that the correlation coefficient reaches 0.993 between the evapotranspiration in 2004 calculated by FAO56 Penman-Monteith method and the one predicted by the neural network model with a hidden layer of 10 nodes. The actual evapotranspiration is 911.6cm and the prediction by the neural network is 864.4, between which the error ratio is 1.67%. The correlation coefficient is 0.708 between the actual evaporation in 2004 and the prediction by the neural network with a hidden layer of 10 nodes and an output layer with the pan evaporation as its target output. The pan evaporation is 1674.1cm, while the prediction by the neural network is 1451.7cm, between which the error ratio is 13.23%

Association of microbiota-derived propionic acid and Alzheimer�s disease; bioinformatics analysis

Purpose: Microbiota-derived metabolites could alter the brain tissue toward the neurodegeneration disease. This study aims to select the genes associated with Propionic acid (PPA) and compromise Alzheimer�s disease (AD) to find the possible roles of PPA in AD pathogenesis. Methods: Microbiota-derived metabolites could alter the brain tissue toward the neurodegeneration disease. This study aims to select the genes associated with Propionic acid (PPA) and compromise Alzheimer�s disease (AD) to find the possible roles of PPA in AD pathogenesis. Results: Amongst all genes associated with PPA and AD, 284 genes to be shared by searching databases and were subjected to further analysis. AD-PPA genes mainly involved in cancer, bacterial and virus infection, and neurological and non-neurological diseases. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis covered the most AD hallmark, such as amyloid formation, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and immune system. Network analysis revealed hub and bottleneck genes. MCODE analysis also indicated the seed genes represented in the significant subnetworks. ICAM1 and CCND1 were the hub, bottleneck, and seed genes. Conclusions: PPA interacted genes implicated in AD act through pathways initiate neuronal cell death. In sum up, AD-PPA shared genes exhibited evidence that supports the idea PPA secreted from bacteria could alter brain physiology toward the emerging AD signs. This idea needs to confirm by more future investigation in animal models. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG