Observed strategies in the freehand drawing of complex hierarchical diagrams

Chunk decomposition and assembly strategies have been found in the drawing of complex hierarchical diagrams (spe- cifically AVOW diagrams). Analysis of 40 diagrams pro- duced by five participants provided evidence for the strategies based on the duration of pauses between drawn elements. The strategies were initially discovered using a new visualiza- tion technique developed to allow the detailed examination of the sequential order of diagram drawing in conjunction with information about the durations of pauses associated with drawn elements

Proposal for a study of computer mapping of terrain using multispectral data from ERTS-A for the Yellowstone National Park test site

The author has identified the following significant results. A terrain map of Yellowstone National Park showed plant community types and other classes of ground cover in what is basically a wild land. The map comprised 12 classes, six of which were mapped with accuracies of 70 to 95%. The remaining six classes had spectral reflectances that overlapped appreciably, and hence, those were mapped less accurately. Techniques were devised for quantitatively comparing the recognition map of the park with control data acquired from ground inspection and from analysis of sidelooking radar images, a thermal IR mosaic, and IR aerial photos of several scales. Quantitative analyses were made in ten 40 sq km test areas. Comparison mechanics were performed by computer with the final results displayed on line printer output. Forested areas were mapped by computer using ERTS data for less than 1/4 the cost of the conventional forest mapping technique for topographic base maps

Grown organic matter as a fuel raw material resource

An extensive search was made on biomass production from the standpoint of climatic zones, water, nutrients, costs and energy requirements for many species. No exotic species were uncovered that gave hope for a bonanza of biomass production under culture, location, and management markedly different from those of existing agricultural concepts. A simulation analysis of biomass production was carried out for six species using conventional production methods, including their production costs and energy requirements. These estimates were compared with data on food, fiber, and feed production. The alternative possibility of using residues from food, feed, or lumber was evaluated. It was concluded that great doubt must be cast on the feasibility of producing grown organic matter for fuel, in competition with food, feed, or fiber. The feasibility of collecting residues may be nearer, but the competition for the residues for return to the soil or cellulosic production is formidable

Guide to the Identification of Poplar Cultivars on the Prairies

This paper provides those who work with poplars in the prairies region of Canada with an easy-to-use leaf and twig key and detailed morphological descriptions of the more commonly planted cultivars. Recommendations for their use, notes on growth, natural pruning, susceptibility to insects and diseases, and tolerance to climatic extremes are also provided

Management and Supervisory Control: Contextual Antecedents and Consequences for Performance, Satisfaction, and Commitment

Business Administratio

Referencias de la pandemia

Estado o COVID: el verdadero enemigo del ciudadano peruano

Endotracheal tube-induced sore throat pain and inflammation is coupled to the release of mitochondrial DNA

In the absence of infection, the pathophysiology of endotracheal tube-induced sore throat pain is unclear. Activated neutrophils release elastase, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory cytokines known to contribute to neuropathic pain. Sterile tissue injury can cause the release of damage-associated molecular patterns such as mitochondrial DNA that promote neutrophil activation. We hypothesized that endotracheal tube-induced sore throat pain is linked to mitochondrial DNA-mediated neutrophil inflammation. A nonrandomized prospective survey for sore throat pain was conducted in 31 patients who required short-term intubation and had no evidence of upper airway infection. Patterns of neutrophil abundance, activation, and mitochondrial DNA levels were analyzed in tracheal lavage fluid following intubation and prior to extubation. Thirteen of 31 patients reported sore throat pain. Sore throat patients had high neutrophilia with elevated adhesion molecule and TLR9 expression and constitutive reactive oxygen species generation. Tracheal lavage fluid from sore throat patients accumulated mitochondrial DNA and stimulated neutrophils to release mediators associated with pain in a TLR9- and DNAse-dependent fashion. Endotracheal tube-induced sore throat is linked to the release of mitochondrial DNA and can drive TLR9-mediated inflammatory responses by neutrophils reported to cause pain. Mitigating the effects of cell-free mitochondrial DNA may prove beneficial for the prevention of endotracheal tube-mediated sore throat pain

Dose-response relationship of fibrous dusts in intraperitoneal studies.

The relationship between the number of fibers injected intraperitoneally and the occurrence of peritoneal mesotheliomas in rats was investigated using data from a series of carcinogenicity studies with several fibrous dusts. Based on observed tumor incidences ranging between 10 and 90%, the hypothesis of a common slope of dose-response relationships (parallel probit lines in probit analysis) cannot be rejected. In general, parallelism of probit lines is considered an indication of a common mode of action. Analysis of the shape of the dose-response relationship, with one apparent exception, shows virtually linear or superlinear behavior, i.e., from these data, there is no indication of a decrease in carcinogenic potency of an elementary carcinogenic unit at lower doses

Increasing Access and Success in Online Education for Students with Disabilities

Counselor educators are legally and ethically required to support individuals with disabilities in their courses. While this presentation focuses on visual and auditory impairments, all students benefit when accommodations and adaptations support a wide range of learning styles. The authors provide web accessibility principles and guidelines and operationalize practical suggestions for coursework. Off-the-shelf assistive technologies are readily available to support learners. Educators are encouraged to test course materials using assistive technologies to better understand how students with disabilities experience their courses

CTMC calculations of electron capture and ionization in collisions of multiply charged ions with elliptical Rydberg atoms

We have performed classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) studies of electron capture and ionization in multiply charged (Q=8) ion-Rydberg atom collisions at intermediate impact velocities. Impact parallel to the minor and to the major axis, respectively, of the initial Kepler electron ellipse has been investigated. The important role of the initial electron momentum distribution found for singly charged ion impact is strongly disminished for higher projectile charge, while the initial spatial distribution remains important for all values of Q studied.Comment: 3 pages, 5 figure