Coastal Marine Science for Law and Business Students: Preparing Law and Business Professionals to Make Informed Decisions About Coastal Issues

The rigors of employment-directed undergraduate education. and decreased emphasis on Liberal Arts studies occurring at some colleges and universities has left many graduates with a level of scientific understanding which is inadequate to make infonned choices about issues which effect the environment. To address this lack of scientific understanding. the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Virginia) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, with the Marshall-Wythe School of Law and the School of Business Administration of the College of William and Mary are developing a Coastal Ecosystem Science Program to teach future law and business professionals the basics of coastal marine science. The Program is being developed after front-end evaluation (telephone survey of law/business faculty members from schools, law and business graduate students and industry professionals from around the United States) which explored the need, successful format, length and other essential or logistical elements of program design. Formative evaluation will continue through student pre-, and post-, testing to evaluate content, information transfer and retention. This program teaches the basic principles of coastal. environmental science to all law and business students (not just those students with experience in environmental science). The goal of this program is to ensure that future lawyers and business leaders will be able to make informed decisions about issues which effect the coastal environment. The development of the program, initial survey and focus group results, essential elements of the program design, evaluation of pilot presentations and plans for pilot-year testing in schools across the country will be discussed

Researching the use of force: The background to the international project

This article provides the background to an international project on use of force by the police that was carried out in eight countries. Force is often considered to be the defining characteristic of policing and much research has been conducted on the determinants, prevalence and control of the use of force, particularly in the United States. However, little work has looked at police officers’ own views on the use of force, in particular the way in which they justify it. Using a hypothetical encounter developed for this project, researchers in each country conducted focus groups with police officers in which they were encouraged to talk about the use of force. The results show interesting similarities and differences across countries and demonstrate the value of using this kind of research focus and methodology

The English medieval first-floor hall: part 2 – The evidence from the eleventh to early thirteenth century

The concept of the first-floor hall was introduced in 1935, but Blair’s paper of 1993 cast doubt on many of those buildings which had been identified as such. Following the recognition of Scolland’s Hall, Richmond Castle as an example of a hall at first-floor level, the evidence for buildings of this type is reviewed (excluding town houses and halls in the great towers of castles, where other issues apply). While undoubtedly a number of buildings have been mistakenly identified as halls, there is a significant group of structures which there are very strong grounds to classify as first-floor halls. The growth of masonry architecture in elite secular buildings, particularly after the Norman Conquest, allowed halls to be constructed on the first floor. The key features of these are identified and the reasons for constructing the hall at this level – prestige and security – are recognized. The study of these buildings allows two further modifications to the Blair thesis: in some houses, halls and chambers were integrated in a single block at an early date, and the basic idea of the medieval domestic plan was already present by the late eleventh century

The Scale and Impact of Viking Settlement in Northumbria

Recent archaeological research, notably at the Viking winter camp at Torksey, has indicated that the armies that invaded Anglo-Saxon England in the late 9th century were much larger than has often been assumed and that a literal reading of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’s assessment of the size of Viking fleets may, after all, have been correct. Furthermore, study of the Torksey metalwork assemblage has allowed the identification of the archaeological signature of the Viking Great Army and, when applied to Cottam, it confirmed the identification of an initial phase of raiding by an element of the Army, followed shortly thereafter by settlement represented by the development of a hybrid Anglo-Scandinavian culture. Taken together, over 25 categories of non-ferrous artefacts are diagnostic of Viking or Anglo-Scandinavian activity in Northumbria. Applying this model to over 15 sites, largely known only from metal-detecting, we can observe a common pattern. At the majority of sites, a large and fairly standardised Middle Anglo-Saxon finds assemblage is succeeded by just a few Viking finds, which we attribute to raiding following Halfdan’s return to Northumbria with part of the Great Army in AD 876. At a much smaller number of sites there are also assemblages of Anglo-Scandinavian finds, relating to the establishment of new settlements by the new landowners. The overall picture is of major settlement disruption and dislocation of existing land holdings and populations in the late 9th century. This demonstrates, for the first time from archaeological evidence, the scale and impact of Viking activity in Northumbria

The pdfTeX user manual

The pdfTeX project started in 1996 at the Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. It forms a primary part of the MSc and PhD research of Han The Thanh, under the supervision of Jiří Zlatuška and Petr Sojka. The main purpose of the project was to create an extension of TeX that could create PDF directly from TeX and improve/enhance the result of TeX typesetting with the help of PDF. pdfTeX contains TeX as a subset. When PDF output is not set, it produces normal DVI output; when PDF output is selected, pdfTeX produces PDF output that looks identical to the DVI output. The next stage of the project, apart from fixing any errors in the program, is to investigate alternative justification algorithms, possibly making use of multiple master fonts. pdfTeX is based on the original TeX sources and web2c, and has been successfully compiled on Unix, Amiga, Win32 and DOS systems. It is still under beta development and all features are liable to change. This manual was compiled by Sebastian Rahtz from notes and examples by Han The Thanh. Many thanks are due to members of the pdfTeX mailing list (most notably Hans Hagen), whose questions and answers have contributed much to this manual.</p

The LaTeX graphics companion, 2nd edition

The LATEX typesetting system remains a popular choice for typesetting a wide variety of documents, from papers, journal articles, and presentations, to books-especially those that include technical text or demand high-quality composition. This book is the most comprehensive guide to making illustrations in LATEX documents, and it has been completely revised and expanded to include the latest developments in LATEX graphics. The authors describe the most widely used packages and provide hundreds of solutions to the most commonly encountered LATEX illustration problems

Konfessionelle Konfliktlinien in der Eurokrise: Wie protestantische, orthodoxe und katholische Solidarität die Krise verschärfen

Die europäische Krise wurde bisher vor allem unter dem Stichwort “Spielarten des Kapitalismus“ in der Wissenschaft diskutiert. Das Erklärungspotenzial von unterschiedlichen Wirtschaftskulturen in Nord und Südeuropa wurde hingegen vernachlässigt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die unterschiedlichen Solidaritätskonzepte die in Nord und Südeuropa vorherrschen, und zeigt wie sie aus den drei Hauptströmungen der europäischen Christenheit, Protestantismus, Katholizismus und Orthodoxie hervorgehen. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass diese Unterschiede einen gemeinsamen, für alle Seiten akzeptierbaren Weg aus der Krise erschweren. Religious Lines of Conflict in the European Crisis: How Solidarity of Protestantism, Orthodoxy and Catholicism Aggravate the Crisis The European crisis has so far been primarily discussed through the conceptual lens of the Varieties of Capitalism approach. Different economic cultures that underpin the different economies on the European continent as a potential source of irritation during the crisis have been neglected. This contribution shows that the different solidarity concepts that prevail in Northern and Southern Europe can be linked back to divergences between the solidarity concepts of the three main strands of Christianity in Europe: Protestantism, Catholicism and Orthodoxy. These differences make a solution to the crisis that is equally acceptable to all difficult. JEL-Klassifizierung: B, N,