Visitors of the Holy Mosque in Makkah: Between Influence and Impact in the Mamluk Era from 648 to 923 AH (1250 to 1517 AD)

The Holy Mosque in Makkah is one of the most significant landmarks for Muslims around the world, attracting millions of visitors every year. This research aims to investigate the impact of the neighbors of the Holy Mosque on the general conditions of Makkah during the Mamluk era. The study focuses on the scientific and cultural impact, economic recovery, assistance provided, and support during crises of the Holy Mosques neighbors. The research methodology involves examining historical sources that address the topic of neighborhood during the Mamluk era. The Mamluk era is an essential period in the history of Makkah, characterized by significant achievements in science, literature, and architecture. During this period, neighboring scholars and jurists played an active role in the revival of scientific and cultural life in Makkah. Some jobs within the holy mosque were even assigned to these knowledgeable neighbors. The findings indicate that the neighbors of the Holy Mosque had a significant impact on the scientific and cultural revival in Makkah during the Mamluk era. The positive influence of the sciences and the knowledge they provided in various fields improved the social, scientific, and cultural conditions of Makkah. This research highlights the importance of the impact of the Holy Mosques neighbors on the general conditions of Makkah during the Mamluk era. Furthermore, the research recommends recognizing the significant impact of the Holy Mosques neighbors on the general conditions of Makkah during the Mamluk era

Discrete least squares meshless method for modeling 2D crack problems

In this paper, Discrete Least Squares meshless method (DLSM) is developed to analyze cracked structuresin an elastostatic problem. DLSMis a new really meshless method that does not use any mesh in computation. The method is based on the minimization of the least squares functional with respect to the nodal parameters. The least squares functional are formed as the weighted summation of the residual of the differential equation and its boundaryconditions. In thismethod, the domain of problem is discretized bysome nodesthat are used to produce Moving Least Squares shape functions. This type of discretization eliminates the Finite Element Method shortcomings. In this study, diffraction method was used to produce continuous shape functions around the crack. In diffraction method, the domain of influence wrap around the crack tip and it results in continuous derivatives of shape functions. Finally, the DLSM high efficiency and accuracy is presented by comparing the analytical results with numerical ones

Comparison of quality of life between myopic patients with spectacles and contact lenses, and patients who have undergone refractive surgery

Purpose: The present study aims at investigating and comparing the vision-related quality of life of myopic persons who wear spectacles or contact lenses with those who have undergone refractive surgery. It also compares the vision-related quality of life of these two groups with that of emmetropes. Method: In this study, the questionnaire of evaluation instrument of refractive error in quality of life (NEI/RQL-42) was used to compare the quality of life between 154 myopic patients with spectacles and contact lenses, and 32 patients who have undergone refractive surgery. The two groups were also compared with 54 emmetropes. The questionnaire included 13 different subgroups (score 0-100) related to vision. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The overall score of quality of life in emmetropes (95.11 ± 4.23) was more than that in persons who had undergone refractive surgery (86.98 ± 4.73), and it was the least in the group wearing spectacles or contact lenses (78.30 ± 9.21), (P < 0/001). Furthermore, except for a glare variable, the studied groups indicated a statistically significant difference in all the thirteen subgroups of vision-related quality of life. Conclusion: Quality of life for people with myopia who had the refractive surgery was better than people with myopia who wore spectacles or contact lenses. Although quality of life in people with myopia who had the refractive surgery was less than emmetropia, it seems that refractive surgery improves quality of life of myopic patients. © 2015

Forced vibration analysis of laminated composite plates under the action of a moving vehicle

This paper provides a finite element analysis of laminated composite plates under the action of a moving vehicle. The vehicle is modeled as a rigid body with four suspension systems, each consisting of a springdashpot. Overall, the vehicle possesses three degrees of freedom: vertical, rolling, and pitching motions. The equations of motion of the plate are deduced based on first-order shear deformation theory. Using the EulerLagrange equations, the system of coupled equations of motion is extracted and solved by using the Newmark time discretization scheme. The algorithm is validated through the comparison of both the free and forced vibration results provided by the present model and exact or numerical results reported in the literature. The effects are investigated of several system parameters on the dynamic response

Grape Production Constraints in Terms of Climatic Elements and Land Physical Factors Using AHP Model in GIS Environment (Case Study: East Azarbaijan Province)

Grape is one of the nutritious fruits that have commercial value as well, and most farmers try to raise it in their lands. Considering various factors affecting   growth and yield of grape, the process of assessing the suitability of land for cultivation in order to spatial planning of this product needs the use of comprehensive and diverse geographic and descriptive information. GIS technology provides the possibility of using this type of data and facilitates spatial analysis of information based on the appropriate models. Therefore, in this study regarding the ecological needs of grape, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method based on analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used for modeling and spatial analysis of information in ARC/GIS 9.3 software environment. Eventually, East Azarbaijan province suitable lands for grape cultivation and production with regard to climatic elements and land physical factors (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, topography, etc.) were evaluated and zoned. Results of this research showed  that, spatially, 10 percent of the province has conditions varying between suitable to very suitable for grape production compared to the rest of province which in terms of spatial zones included Mianeh, Malekan, Shabstar, Jolfa, Bonab and Ajabshir cities and the most suitable areas were presented concerning final layer

Phase I/II trial evaluating carbon ion radiotherapy for the treatment of recurrent rectal cancer: the PANDORA-01 trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Treatment standard for patients with rectal cancer depends on the initial staging and includes surgical resection, radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy. For stage II and III tumors, radiochemotherapy should be performed in addition to surgery, preferentially as preoperative radiochemotherapy or as short-course hypofractionated radiation. Advances in surgical approaches, especially the establishment of the total mesorectal excision (TME) in combination with sophisticated radiation and chemotherapy have reduced local recurrence rates to only few percent. However, due to the high incidence of rectal cancer, still a high absolute number of patients present with recurrent rectal carcinomas, and effective treatment is therefore needed.</p> <p>Carbon ions offer physical and biological advantages. Due to their inverted dose profile and the high local dose deposition within the Bragg peak precise dose application and sparing of normal tissue is possible. Moreover, in comparison to photons, carbon ions offer an increase relative biological effectiveness (RBE), which can be calculated between 2 and 5 depending on the cell line as well as the endpoint analyzed.</p> <p>Japanese data on the treatment of patients with recurrent rectal cancer previously not treated with radiation therapy have shown local control rates of carbon ion treatment superior to those of surgery. Therefore, this treatment concept should also be evaluated for recurrences after radiotherapy, when dose application using conventional photons is limited. Moreover, these patients are likely to benefit from the enhanced biological efficacy of carbon ions.</p> <p>Methods and design</p> <p>In the current Phase I/II-PANDORA-01-Study the recommended dose of carbon ion radiotherapy for recurrent rectal cancer will be determined in the Phase I part, and feasibilty and progression-free survival will be assessed in the Phase II part of the study.</p> <p>Within the Phase I part, increasing doses from 12 × 3 Gy E to 18 × 3 Gy E will be applied.</p> <p>The primary endpoint in the Phase I part is toxicity, the primary endpoint in the Phase II part is progression-free survival.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>With conventional photon irradiation treatment of recurrent rectal cancer is limited, and the clinical effect is only moderate. With carbon ions, an improved outcome can be expected due to the physical and biological characteristics of the carbon ion beam. However, the optimal dose applicable in this clincial situation as re-irradiation still has to be determined. This, as well as efficacy, is to be evaluated in the present Phase I/II trial.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p><a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01528683">NCT01528683</a></p

O OR RI IG GI IN NA AL L A AR RT TI IC CL LE E The Effects of Vitamin E-Se Supplemented on some of Serum Biochemical Parameters in the Laying Japanese quail

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of vitamin E

Iran hospital accreditation standards: challenges and solutions

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges of Iranian hospital accreditation standards and provide solutions. Design: A qualitative research design was used in this study. Open and semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2018. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Setting: Public, private, semi-public, charity and military hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Participants: A pluralistic evaluation approach was employed and 151 participants including policy makers, hospital management and staff, accreditation surveyors and university professors participated in this study. Results: Challenges of hospital accreditation standards were grouped into two groups: standards development process and standards content. Lack of an independent standards development committee, insufficient expertise of committee members, inconsistencies among the standards� constructs, inappropriate standard classification, ambiguity of standards, unmeasurable standards, vague and inflexible scoring system, and inability to use some standards were the main challenges of Iran hospital accreditation standards. Establishing a scientific committee consisting of representative from hospitals, health insurance companies, professional and scientific associations and universities for standard development, training the committee members, and utilizing hospital's feedback will help address these problems. Conclusion: Iran's hospital accreditation standards face challenges that prevent them from achieving their goals, that is, improving the quality, safety, effectiveness and efficiency of hospital services. Necessary measures should be taken to solve these problems. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Teleworking Implementation in Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoH&ME) and Designing an Appropriate Model

Introduction: Teleworking is a kind of method in which works are performed utilizing telecommunicating tools time and location free. The current study aimed to have quick survey on merits and demerits of implementing teleworking project in Iran's governmental organizations. Furthermore, it intends to design a model for teleworking implementation in Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoH&ME). Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study and its variables are also qualitative. Since in this study no occupation in MoH & ME couldnot (1000 percent) be purely teleworked, a teleworking applicant form was devised as the research to be filled by teleworking appliers. Afterwards, their teleworking applicant form was evaluated; having passed from the required filters, their teleworking would be accepted or rejected. Results: According to the duty description of MoH&ME's occupations, it was clarified that the only 78 out of 250 job positions could be done by teleworking provided the required conditions as well as the reconsideration of duty descriptions were satisfied. Indeed the study results regarding the job positions of Human Resource Management Office showed that from total of 46 job positions in this office, only 22% can be done through teleworking method. Regarding teleworking appliers charactristics in MoH&ME during 2 months period, 3% of MoH & ME personnel applied teleworking and within them, 27% were male and 77% were female. Conclusion: Implementation of teleworking could increase productivity, quality of work life and decrease costs and personnel transportation bulk, however for effective implementation, first jobs should be reconsidered, then necessary technical capacity and also motivated human resources should be provided, otherwise a disorder might occur in performing the affairs

Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the future of artificial intelligence in oral radiology in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Context: Applications of AI in dentistry are interesting, especially in radiology, and can be a boon for novice practitioners. AI can help in the tracing of cephalometric landmarks; in the detection of caries, alveolar bone loss, and periapical pathosis; the auto-segmentation of the inferior alveolar nerve; the analysis of facial growth, and other similar tasks. Methods and Materials: An online survey was prepared using Google Forms and the link was distributed among dentists in Jazan. The questionnaire was divided into 3 sections (knowledge, attitudes, and future). The first part consisted of 4 questions about fundamental knowledge of AI. The second part consisted of 4 questions regarding the dentist’s attitudes towards AI. The final section consisted of 7 questions about the possible future of AI in dental radiology among dentists in Jazan. Statistical analysis used: The data was statistically analysed using PASW Statistics for Windows, version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The chi-squared test was used, with a level of significance p&lt;0.05.&nbsp;&nbsp