A commutative version of the group ring

We construct a commutative version of the group ring and show that it allows one to translate questions about the normal generation of groups into questions about the generation of ideals in commutative rings. We demonstrate this with an alternative proof of a result about the normal generation of the free product of two cyclic groups.Comment: 31 pages, preprint. Reason for revision: additions to content; in particular rewritten Section 5 and new Section 6 adde

Cocommutative coalgebras: homotopy theory and Koszul duality

We extend a construction of Hinich to obtain a closed model category structure on all differential graded cocommutative coalgebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We further show that the Koszul duality between commutative and Lie algebras extends to a Quillen equivalence between cocommutative coalgebras and formal coproducts of curved Lie algebras.Comment: 38 page

A fake Klein bottle with bubble

We resolve the question of the existence of a finite 2-complex with the same fundamental group and Euler characteristic as a Klein bottle with a bubble, but homotopically distinct to it.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Red seaweed liquid fertilizer increases growth, chlorophyll and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Received: October 29th, 2022 ; Accepted: February 12th, 2023 ; Published: April 3rd, 2023 ; Corresponding author: [email protected] demand for chemical fertilizers in Bangladesh is increasing by the day. Seaweed extracts are high in a variety of bioactive substances that can be used as a biostimulant as an alternative to agricultural plants. To assess the impact of foliar spraying of red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui) extracts at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% concentrationsin comparison to the control condition (water spray only) and soil application of recommended doses of fertilizer (RDF) as basal on growth, chlorophyll and yield of mungbean variety BU mug5, a pot experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh during Kharif-1 season (March to May 2021). Seven (7) treatments: T1 – Control (foliar spray using water), T2 – Recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) as basal, T3 – Foliar spray of 5% seaweed extracts, T4 – Foliar spray of 10% seaweed extracts, T5 – Foliar spray of 15% seaweed extracts, T6 – Foliar spray of 20% seaweed extracts and T7 – Foliar spray of 25% seaweed extracts were imposed following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results revealed that seaweed liquid fertilizer at 20% concentration increased leaf area, total dry matter and chlorophyll (SPAD value) by 25.00, 40.21 and 9.11% over the control and 15.42, 8.27 and 2.08% compared to RDF, respectively. Seed yield increased by 93.14% when compared to a control with 20% seaweed foliar spray, and by 9.04%, when compared to RDF. Foliar application of 20% seaweed liquid fertilizer performed best among the treatments in terms of mungbean growth and yield, according to findings of the experiment. The results of this study suggest that red seaweed extracts from Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui may be used as a fertilizer to reduce the chemical fertilizer to boost mungbean yield

Karya Sastra Ulama Sufi Aceh Hamzah Fansuri: Bingkai Sejarah Dunia Pendidikan

The Islamic literature in Indonesia designated Shaykh Hamza Fansuri as the first person to introduce poems in the form of literature in the 16th century. The phrases he introduced increased the community awareness. He was sensitive to the changes around, careful in criticizing various social problems, and creative in contributing ideas pertaining public awareness and its alternative solution. The existence of literature world is degrading due to instrumental, modern phenomena and lifestyle. Literature has increasingly lost its critical substances in capturing the universal message enclosed in existing realities. This paper suggests that the literary work should be a driving force in realizing the process of developing sound human beings. A meaningful approach to literary studies exhibits a great value in the use of the language and arrangement of words. However, aesthetic assessment in a certain language lies not in its elements but in the integrity across its elements; coherence (in the logical sense), maturity (in the psychological sense), truth, experience, and aesthetics. It is in this context that the role of literature together with human values it embedded need to be re-raised and re-promoted to foster an intact personality balancing science, morality, and art. Literature should incorporate the guidance of the human personality to the delicate, humane and cultured (humanized) soul and establish the human right values

Predictors of dental visits among primary school children in the rural Australian community of Lithgow

Background: Regular dental attendance is significant in maintaining and improving children’s oral health and well-being. This study aims to determine the factors that predict and influence dental visits in primary school children residing in the rural community of Lithgow, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods: All six primary schools of Lithgow were approached to participate in a cross-sectional survey prior to implementing water fluoridation in 2014. Children aged 6–13 years (n = 667) were clinically examined for their oral health status and parents were requested to complete a questionnaire on fluoride history, diet, last dental visit, and socio-demographic characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the independent predictors of a 6-monthly and a yearly dental visit. Results: Overall, 53% of children visited a dentist within six months and 77% within twelve months. In multiple logistic regression analyses, age of the child and private health insurance coverage were significantly associated with both 6-monthly and twelve-month dental visits. In addition, each serve of chocolate consumption was significantly associated with a 27% higher odds (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05-1.54) of a 6-monthly dental visit. Conclusion: It is imperative that the socio-demographic and dietary factors that influence child oral health must be effectively addressed when developing the oral health promotion policies to ensure better oral health outcomes.James Rufus John, Haider Mannan, Subrat Nargundkar, Mario D’Souza, Loc Giang Do and Amit Aror