ISOLATION OF CYTOTOXIC CONSTITUENT FROM BIOACTIVITY GUIDED FRACTION OF ALYSICARPUS MONILIFER L. (DC.)

Objective: Alysicarpus monilifer (Family Papilionaceae) has been used in the Indigenous system of medicine in tumor removal. The present study was designed to isolate and identify the constituent responsible for cytotoxic (anti-tumor) effects of the plant Alysicarpus monilifer. Methods: The plant was powdered and extracted to give a methanolic extract. Initially, Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of the methanolic extract of the plant were subjected to cytotoxic screening using cell line based assay (MTT assay and NRU assay). The chloroform fraction showed significant cytotoxicity, so it was further subjected to column chromatography, to separate the cytotoxic phytoconstituent. The cell lines selected were breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) and Liver cancer cells (HepG2 and HLE cell). Results were calculated as percentage growth inhibition with respect to untreated (control) cells versus treated cells. Result: A triterpene, Betulinic acid, was isolated from the aerial parts of Alysicarpus monilifer. The cytotoxic activity of the identified compound against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HLE and HepG2 cells was also found to be highly significant with 90% growth inhibition. Conclusion: The triterpene was identified to be betulinic acid, to which the cytotoxic activity can be attributed. It is a first report of isolation of betulinic acid from the Alysicarpus species

Arrival / departure : architecture of dislocation

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-77).Our identities are defined by a qualitative set of parameters that are at once universal and site specific. We are, as an old saying puts it, "products of our environment." Our knowledge and our beings are constantly being tested and changed through our interactions, both physical and cerebral, in our environments. Historically this sphere of influence was rather narrow, but as technology and travel have increased, environments have become fragmented; they no longer have clear edges, are discontinuous, and above all, are always changing. I am at once a product of where I live, where my parents lived, where I study, what I have read about, where I have traveled, and where I dream to be. I consequently have many homes, many anchors, and many points of reference. The following architectural thesis investigations study architectural responses to the complexity of the conditions created in individuals and communities through the modern migratory process. Using the theme of ambivalence (the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings), this thesis addresses many independent and overlapping issues of identity and migration from both the scale of object and architecture. The thesis posits the question: is an architectural infrastructure possible that can allow for communication between migrants and local communities and between migrants themselves that can span time, language, and space? And can such infrastructure protect ethnicity while still allowing to be shared?by Manan H. Shah.M.Arch

Differentiation of Lactobacillus-probiotic strains by visual comparison of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles

In the present study, distinctive RAPD fingerprints were generated for 12 Lactobacillus-probiotic strains from 5 Lactobacillus species (L. brevis, L. reuteri, L. gallinarium, L. salivarius and L. panis) after optimization of the RAPD parameters such as MgCl2, Taq polymerase, primer concentration and type of primer. The strains were differentiated under the same PCR protocol but different concentration of primer OPM-05 (50 pmole to differentiate the 5 L. brevis strains and 75 pmole to differentiate 2 strains of L. gallinarium, 3 strains of L. reuteri, a strain of L. panis and L. salivarius). The RAPD fingerprints generated could be differentiated by visual comparison of the profiles, without being analysed by relevant software. This allows specific, rapid, immediate and convenient identification of the Lactobacillus strains

CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS AGAINST HEPG2 AND HLE HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELLS

Objective: The present study was designed to examine the cytotoxic effects of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Corchorus depressus and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the same extract in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HepG2) and invasive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HLE).Methods: Anti-proliferative effects were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. Human HCC (HepG2) and invasive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HLE) were treated with different concentrations of methanolic extract (10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL) of aerial parts of C. depressus as well as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions (200 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. The cell viability and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were determined.Results: The maximum cytotoxic effect was noticed with a maximum dose of methanolic extract (500 μg/mL) and alkaloidal fraction (200 μg) in this study with an IC50 value of about 200 μg.Conclusion: The set of studies showed that methanolic extract of aerial parts of C. depressus and alkaloidal, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions fractions was capable of inhibiting cell growth and cell proliferation by inducing cytotoxicity of HepG2 and HLE cells

Experimental Investigation of Normal Shock Boundary-Layer Interaction with Hybrid Flow Control

Hybrid flow control, a combination of micro-ramps and micro-jets, was experimentally investigated in the 15x15 cm Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SWT) at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Full factorial, a design of experiments (DOE) method, was used to develop a test matrix with variables such as inter-ramp spacing, ramp height and chord length, and micro-jet injection flow ratio. A total of 17 configurations were tested with various parameters to meet the DOE criteria. In addition to boundary-layer measurements, oil flow visualization was used to qualitatively understand shock induced flow separation characteristics. The flow visualization showed the normal shock location, size of the separation, path of the downstream moving counter-rotating vortices, and corner flow effects. The results show that hybrid flow control demonstrates promise in reducing the size of shock boundary-layer interactions and resulting flow separation by means of energizing the boundary layer

Geographic Information System : Sistem Informasi Embuatan Model Pengendalian Kepemilikan Ternak Sapi Di Wilayah Provinsi NTB

Dengan besarnya potensi yang dimiliki tersebut pemerintah pusat menetapkan Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) sebagai salah satu propinsi sumber sapi potong dan sapi bibit diantara 18 propinsi di tanah air, sehingga kiprah NTB diharapkan mampu mempercepat program nasional percepatan pencapaian swasembada daging sapi (P2SDS). Oleh karena itu strategi yang dilakukan dalam mengembangkan potensi peternakan sapi ini adalah dengan memelihara sapi melalui sistem kandang kolektif untuk Pulau Lombok dan pola padang penggembalaan atau lar/so di Pulau Sumbawa. Sampai dengan pertengahan tahun 2010, terdapat sekitar 880 unit kandang kolektif sapi di pulau lombok dari target 1.000 unit kandang kolektif pada tahun 2013. Adanya jumlah sapi yang tiap tahun mengalami peningkatan maka dibutuhkan penelitian pembuatan sistem informasi giografis (SIG) dan database identifikasi peternak sapi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan produk SIG peternakan sapi dan database identitfikasi kepemilikan sapi di wilayah NTB. Metodologi penelitian digunakan adalah Model air terjun (waterfall) yaitu metode pengembangan sistem informasi dengan cara perencanaan, analisis, desain sistem, coding dan implementasi, sehingga produk dari SIG diperuntukan dapat menghasilkan pemetaan populasi sapi, database identifikasi kepemilikan sapi, jumlah kelompok tani, jumlah sapi yang dimiliki peternak, jumlah sapi yang terjual pasar tradisional, jumlah sapi yang disalurkan keluar daerah dan jumlah populasi yang ada di kabupaten di provinsi NTB

Determine the functional and radiological outcome of T3 proximal femur nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur

Background: T3 is the new generation nail used for fixation of intertrochanteric fractures. The lag screw is designed to transfer the load of the femoral head into the nail shaft by bridging the fracture line to allow fast and secure fracture healing. The load carrying thread design of the T3 lag screw provides large surface contact to the cancellous bone, this provides high resistance against cut out.Methods: 30 subjects attending the study were operated with T3 proximal femur nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur. Prospective, randomised case-controlled study done over period of 1 year.Results: Significant results were obtained while comparing the mean RUSH score and mean Harris hip score at different postoperative follow-up time intervals with good to excellent outcome and less operative time and low complications rate.Conclusions: T3 is the new generation nail used for fixation of intertrochanteric fractures and is a dependable implant for the fixation. It has good to excellent outcomes and takes less operative time with low complication rates. The anatomical shape of the nail is universal for all indications involving the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. The load carrying thread design of the T3 lag screw provides large surface contact to the cancellous bone, thus providing high resistance against cut out. The set screw prevents rotation of the lag screw. The T3 has a single screw passing into the neck of the femur and its Set Screw that is passed into the proximal part of the femoral nail sits into the groove of the Lag screw, thus providing rotational stability

COVID anomaly in the correlation analysis of S&P 500 market states

Analyzing market states of the S&P 500 components on a time horizon January 3, 2006 to August 10, 2023, we found the appearance of a new market state not previously seen and we shall discuss its possible implications as an isolated state or as a beginning of a new general market condition. We study this in terms of the Pearson correlation matrix and relative correlation with respect to the S&P 500 index. In both cases the anomaly shows strongly.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, supplemental materials (6 figures, 3 videos