De distributie van vlees, vleeswaren en vleessnacks

Nagegaan is via welke afzetkanalen de produkten vanaf de slachterij naar de binnenlandse consumenten, de binnenlandse verwerkende bedrijven en naar buitenlandse afnemers gaan. Bij de afzet aan binnenlandse consumenten is onderscheid gemaakt tussen de huishoudelijke en de buitenhuishoudelijke markt. Tevens is bij de slachterijen onderzocht van wie de slachtdieren zijn gekoch

De distributie van vlees, vleeswaren en vleessnacks

Nagegaan is via welke afzetkanalen de produkten vanaf de slachterij naar de binnenlandse consumenten, de binnenlandse verwerkende bedrijven en naar buitenlandse afnemers gaan. Bij de afzet aan binnenlandse consumenten is onderscheid gemaakt tussen de huishoudelijke en de buitenhuishoudelijke markt. Tevens is bij de slachterijen onderzocht van wie de slachtdieren zijn gekoch

Dientamoeba fragilis colonization is not associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in children at primary care level

Background. Dientamoeba fragilis is commonly identified in children in primary care and is suspected to cause gastrointestinal disease. Objective. To determine the association between D. fragilis colonization and gastrointestinal symptoms in children. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study with children who presented in primary care with gastrointestinal symptoms. The associations between D. fragilis colonization and specific symptoms were explored by means of logistic regression analyses. Asymptomatic siblings of these cases were invited as control subjects for a case-control analysis, where we explored the association between D. fragilis and gastrointestinal symptoms with conditional logistic regression analysis. Results. In the cross-sectional study, 107 children were included. Their median age was 9 years (interquartile range = 6-12) and 38 (35.5%) were boys. Colonization of D. fragilis was present in 59 children (55.1%). The absence of D. fragilis was associated with soft to watery stool [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10-0.85], chronic diarrhoea (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.180.97) and fatigue (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.20-0.99). The case-control analyses included 44 children in each group. Dientamoeba fragilis colonization was not observed more often in cases than in controls after adjustment for age and sex (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.28-3.65). Conclusion. Dientamoeba fragilis is a common parasite in children with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. The anomalous finding of the association between the absence of D. fragilis with soft to watery stools, chronic diarrhoea and fatigue are inexplicable. Our study suggests that D. fragilis colonization does not increase the risk for gastrointestinal symptoms

Infant Attachment, Parenting Stress, and Child Emotional and Behavioral Problems at Age 3 Years

Cel. Analiza wpływu typu przywiązania w okresie niemowlęcym oraz stresu rodzicielskiego na problemy emocjonalne i zaburzenia zachowania u małych dzieci. Plan badania. Badana próba obejmowała 606 diad niemowlę–matka, które wzięły udział w populacyjnym badaniu kohortowym, przeprowadzonym w Holandii. Przywiązanie (więź dziecko–matka) oceniano przy użyciu procedury sytuacji obcej (Strange Situation), gdy dzieci miały 14 miesięcy. Kiedy dzieci osiągnęły wiek 18 miesięcy, zmierzono poziom stresu rodzicielskiego przy użyciu holenderskiej wersji Skali stresu rodzicielskiego (Parenting Stress Index). Wreszcie, gdy dzieci miały 3 lata, ich matki i ojcowie wypełniali Listę zachowań dziecięcych (Child Behavior Checklist). Wyniki. Przywiązanie w okresie niemowlęcym osłabiało wpływ stresu rodzicielskiego na problemy emocjonalne i zaburzenia zachowania u dzieci. Stres rodzicielski był powiązany z wyższym poziomem zachowań agresywnych i zaburzeń uwagi u dzieci z pozabezpiecznym stylem przywiązania, ale nie u tych z bezpiecznym stylem. Ponadto wyższy poziom stresu rodzicielskiego wiązał się z większą liczbą problematycznych zachowań wycofanych u dzieci z pozabezpiecznym stylem przywiązania, zwłaszcza tych z ambiwalentnym stylem i przywiązaniem zdezorganizowanym. Wnioski. U dzieci z pozabezpiecznym stylem wyższy poziom stresu rodzicielskiego jest powiązany z większą częstością występowania problematycznych zachowań wycofanych (zaburzeń internalizacyjnych) oraz zachowań agresywnych i zaburzeń uwagi (zaburzeń eksternalizacyjnych). Bezpieczny styl przywiązania w okresie niemowlęcym jest buforem osłabiającym wpływ stresu rodzicielskiego na problemy emocjonalne i zaburzenia zachowania u dzieci.Objective. To examine the role of infant attachment classification and parenting stress for toddler emotional and behavior problems. Design. Participants were 606 infant– mother dyads who took part in a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. Infant–mother attachment classification was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure when the children were 14 months old. At 18 months, parenting stress was measured with the Dutch version of the Parenting Stress Index. When the children were 3 years old, both mothers and fathers completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Results. Infant attachment moderated the effect of parenting stress on child emotional and behavior problems. Parenting stress was related to more aggression and attention problem behaviors in insecurely attached children, but not in securely attached children. Moreover, higher parenting stress was associated with more withdrawal problem behaviors in insecurely attached children, in particular in insecure-resistant and in disorganized children. Conclusion. In the presence of an insecure attachment relationship, more parenting stress is related to more (internalizing) withdrawal problem behavior and to more (externalizing) aggression and attention problems. Attachment security in infancy buffers the influence of parenting stress on child emotional and behavior problems

Improved overall survival for patients with rectal cancer since 1990:The effects of TME surgery and pre-operative radiotherapy

Aim: The aim was to study the effects of the introduction of TME surgery and pre-operative radiotherapy on overall survival (OS) by comparing patients treated in the period before (1990-1995), during (1996-1999) and after (2000-2002) the TME trial. Patients and methods: Patients diagnosed with rectal carcinoma in the region of Comprehensive Cancer Centres South and West were used (n = 3179). Results: Five-year OS was, respectively, 56%, 62% and 65% in the pre-trial, trial and post-trial periods (p < 0.001). Pre-operative RT was increasingly used over time and significantly related to OS in the post-trial period (p = 0.002), but not in the pre-trial and trial periods. Conclusions: Population-based OS improved markedly since the introduction of TME surgery. With standardised TME surgery, pre-operative RT improved OS, whereas withholding pre-operative RT was associated with a poorer prognosis. The present study supports that pre-operative RT was correctly introduced as a standard treatment before TME surgery in our national guideline. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Surgicopathological quality control in the CRITICS gastric cancer trial

Surgical oncolog