1,875 research outputs found
Electroweak and QCD corrections to top-pair hadroproduction in association with heavy bosons
We compute the contribution of order to the cross
section of a top-antitop pair in association with at least one heavy Standard
Model boson -- , , and Higgs -- by including all effects of QCD, QED,
and weak origin and by working in the automated MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework.
This next-to-leading order contribution is then combined with that of order
, and with the two dominant lowest-order ones,
and , to obtain phenomenological results
relevant to a 8, 13, and 100~TeV collider.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figure
Weak corrections to Higgs hadroproduction in association with a top-quark pair
We present the calculation of the next-to-leading contribution of order
to the production of a Standard Model Higgs boson in
association with a top-quark pair at hadron colliders. All effects of weak and
QCD origin are included, whereas those of QED origin are ignored. We work in
the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework, and discuss sample phenomenological
applications at a 8, 13, and 100 TeV collider, including the effects of
the dominant next-to-leading QCD corrections of order .Comment: 29 pages, 38 figure
The automation of next-to-leading order electroweak calculations
We present the key features relevant to the automated computation of all the
leading- and next-to-leading order contributions to short-distance cross
sections in a mixed-coupling expansion, with special emphasis on the first
subleading NLO term in the QCD+EW scenario, commonly referred to as NLO EW
corrections. We discuss, in particular, the FKS subtraction in the context of a
mixed-coupling expansion; the extension of the FKS subtraction to processes
that include final-state tagged particles, defined by means of fragmentation
functions; and some properties of the complex mass scheme. We combine the
present paper with the release of a new version of MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, capable
of dealing with mixed-coupling expansions. We use the code to obtain
illustrative inclusive and differential results for the 13-TeV LHC.Comment: 121 pages, 16 figure
The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations
We discuss the theoretical bases that underpin the automation of the
computations of tree-level and next-to-leading order cross sections, of their
matching to parton shower simulations, and of the merging of matched samples
that differ by light-parton multiplicities. We present a computer program,
MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, capable of handling all these computations -- parton-level
fixed order, shower-matched, merged -- in a unified framework whose defining
features are flexibility, high level of parallelisation, and human intervention
limited to input physics quantities. We demonstrate the potential of the
program by presenting selected phenomenological applications relevant to the
LHC and to a 1-TeV collider. While next-to-leading order results are
restricted to QCD corrections to SM processes in the first public version, we
show that from the user viewpoint no changes have to be expected in the case of
corrections due to any given renormalisable Lagrangian, and that the
implementation of these are well under way.Comment: 158 pages, 27 figures; a few references have been adde
Light-by-Light Scattering at Next-to-Leading Order in QCD and QED
The recent experimental observation of Light-by-Light (LbL) scattering at the
Large Hadron Collider has revived interest in this fundamental process, and
especially of the accurate prediction of its cross-section, which we present
here for the first time at Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) in both QCD and QED. We
compare two radically different computational approaches, both exact in the
fermion mass dependence, thus offering a strong cross-check of our results. The
first approach is a fully analytic method to calculate compact and
well-organized two-loop helicity amplitudes. The second one is entirely
numerical and leverages the Local Unitarity construction. Our two calculations
agree with each other and conclude that including the exact fermion mass
contribution typically increases the size of the NLO corrections. Moreover, we
find that the exact result converges slowly to the massless limit of the
high-energy regime, thus emphasizing the importance of including the full mass
dependence at NLO. We also compare our results with the ATLAS measurement of
LbL in ultra-peripheral lead-lead collisions, and find that the inclusion of
exact NLO corrections reduces, but does not eliminate, the existing tension
with theoretical predictions.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures (including appendix) v2: minor corrections and
journal versio
A prototype system for observing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation - scientific basis, measurement and risk mitigation strategies, and first results
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) carries up to one quarter of the global northward heat transport in the Subtropical North Atlantic. A system monitoring the strength of the MOC volume transport has been operating since April 2004. The core of this system is an array of moored sensors measuring density, bottom pressure and ocean currents. A strategy to mitigate risks of possible partial failures of the array is presented, relying on backup and complementary measurements. The MOC is decomposed into five components, making use of the continuous moored observations, and of cable measurements across the Straits of Florida, and wind stress data. The components compensate for each other, indicating that the system is working reliably. The year-long average strength of the MOC is 18.7±5.6 Sv, with wind-driven and density-inferred transports contributing equally to the variability. Numerical simulations suggest that the surprisingly fast density changes at the western boundary are partially linked to westward propagating planetary wave
Numerical evaluation of one-loop QCD amplitudes
We present the publicly available program NGluon allowing the numerical
evaluation of primitive amplitudes at one-loop order in massless QCD. The
program allows the computation of one-loop amplitudes for an arbitrary number
of gluons. The focus of the present article is the extension to one-loop
amplitudes including an arbitrary number of massless quark pairs. We discuss in
detail the algorithmic differences to the pure gluonic case and present cross
checks to validate our implementation. The numerical accuracy is investigated
in detail.Comment: Talk given at ACAT 2011 conference in London, 5-9 Septembe
Evolution and Nucleosynthesis of Very Massive Stars
In this chapter, after a brief introduction and overview of stellar
evolution, we discuss the evolution and nucleosynthesis of very massive stars
(VMS: M>100 solar masses) in the context of recent stellar evolution model
calculations. This chapter covers the following aspects: general properties,
evolution of surface properties, late central evolution, and nucleosynthesis
including their dependence on metallicity, mass loss and rotation. Since very
massive stars have very large convective cores during the main-sequence phase,
their evolution is not so much affected by rotational mixing, but more by mass
loss through stellar winds. Their evolution is never far from a homogeneous
evolution even without rotational mixing. All VMS at metallicities close to
solar end their life as WC(-WO) type Wolf-Rayet stars. Due to very important
mass loss through stellar winds, these stars may have luminosities during the
advanced phases of their evolution similar to stars with initial masses between
60 and 120 solar masses. A distinctive feature which may be used to disentangle
Wolf-Rayet stars originating from VMS from those originating from lower initial
masses is the enhanced abundances of neon and magnesium at the surface of WC
stars. At solar metallicity, mass loss is so strong that even if a star is born
with several hundred solar masses, it will end its life with less than 50 solar
masses (using current mass loss prescriptions). At the metallicity of the LMC
and lower, on the other hand, mass loss is weaker and might enable star to
undergo pair-instability supernovae.Comment: 42 pages, 20 figures, Book Chapter in "Very Massive Stars in the
Local Universe", Springer, Ed. Jorick S. Vin
Supernovae from rotating stars
The present paper discusses the main physical effects produced by stellar
rotation on presupernovae, as well as observations which confirm these effects
and their consequences for presupernova models. Rotation critically influences
the mass of the exploding cores, the mass and chemical composition of the
envelopes and the types of supernovae, as well as the properties of the
remnants and the chemical yields. In the formation of gamma-ray bursts,
rotation and the properties of rotating stars appear as the key factor. In
binaries, the interaction between axial rotation and tidal effects often leads
to interesting and unexpected results. Rotation plays a key role in shaping the
evolution and nucleosynthesis in massive stars with very low metallicities
(metallicity below about the Small Magellanic Cloud metallicity down to
Population III stars). At solar and higher metallicities, the effects of
rotation compete with those of stellar winds. In close binaries, the
synchronisation process can lock the star at a high rotation rate despite
strong mass loss and thus both effects, rotation and stellar winds, have a
strong impact. In conclusion, rotation is a key physical ingredient of the
stellar models and of presupernova stages, and the evolution both of single
stars and close binaries. Moreover, important effects are expected along the
whole cosmic history.Comment: 36 pages, 15 figures, published in Handbook of Supernovae, A.W.
Alsabti and P. Murdin (eds), Springe
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