122 research outputs found
Does Personality Moderate the Effects of Mindfulness Training for Medical and Psychology Students?
The majority of mindfulness research to date has
reported only on the group-level effects of interventions.
Therefore, there is a need to better understand who is most
likely to benefit from mindfulness interventions. This study
reports on moderation analyses from a two-centre randomised
controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)
among 288 medical and psychology students. The study
investigated whether baseline personality factors (neuroticism,
conscientiousness and extroversion) and baseline mindfulness
moderated effects on mental distress, study stress and
subjective well-being measured after the intervention. An
increased effect of the intervention on mental distress and
subjective well-being was found in students with higher
scores on neuroticism. Students with higher scores on
conscientiousness showed an increased effect of mindfulness
training on study stress. The training protected students
against an increase in mental distress and study stress and a
decrease in subjective well-being that was seen in the control
group. Baseline mindfulness and extroversion did not
moderate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes.
The majority of the 288 medical and psychology students in
the study sample were female. Female participants scored
significantly higher on neuroticism and conscientiousness,
and they may therefore be an important target group for
mindfulness interventions among students
The Role of Convection in Redistributing Formaldehyde to the Upper Troposphere Over North America and the North Atlantic during the Summer 2004 INTEX Campaign
Measurements of CH2O from a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) were acquired onboard the NASA DC-8 during the summer 2004 INTEX-NA (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment - North America) campaign to test our understanding of convection and production mechanisms in the upper troposphere (UT, 6-12-km) over continental North America and the North Atlantic Ocean. Point-by-point comparisons with box model calculations, when MHP (CH3OOH) measurements were available for model constraint, resulted in a median CH2O measurement/model ratio of 0.91 in the UT. Multiple tracers were used to arrive at a set of UT CH2O background and perturbed air mass periods, and 46% of the TDLAS measurements fell within the latter category. At least 66% to 73% of these elevated UT observations were caused by enhanced production from CH2O precursors rather than direct transport of CH2O from the boundary layer. This distinction is important, since the effects from the former can last for over a week or more compared to one day or less in the case of convective transport of CH2O itself. In general, production of CH2O from CH4 was found to be the dominant source term, even in perturbed air masses. This was followed by production from MHP, methanol, PAN type compounds, and ketones, in descending order of their contribution. In the presence of elevated NO from lightning and potentially from the stratosphere, there was a definite trend in the CH2O discrepancy, which for the highest NO mixing ratios produced a median CH2O measurement/model ratio of 3.9 in the 10-12-km range. Discrepancies in CH2O and HO2 in the UT with NO were highly correlated and this provided further information as to the possible mechanism(s) responsible. These discrepancies with NO are consistent with additional production sources of both gases involving CH3O2 + NO reactions, most likely caused by unmeasured hydrocarbons
The new resilience of emerging and developing countries: systemic interlocking, currency swaps and geoeconomics
The vulnerability/resilience nexus that defined the interaction between advanced and developing economies in the post-WWII era is undergoing a fundamental transformation. Yet, most of the debate in the current literature is focusing on the structural constraints faced by the Emerging and Developing Countries (EDCs) and the lack of changes in the formal structures of global economic governance. This paper challenges this literature and its conclusions by focusing on the new conditions of systemic interlocking between advanced and emerging economies, and by analysing how large EDCs have built and are strengthening their economic resilience. We find that a significant redistribution of âpolicy spaceâ between advanced and emerging economies have taken place in the global economy. We also find that a number of seemingly technical currency swap agreements among EDCs have set in motion changes in the very structure of global trade and finance. These developments do not signify the end of EDCsâ vulnerability towards advanced economies. They signify however that the economic and geoeconomic implications of this vulnerability have changed in ways that constrain the options available to advanced economies and pose new challenges for the post-WWII economic order
Formaldehyde over North America and the North Atlantic during the summer 2004 INTEX campaign: Methods, observed distributions, and measurementâmodel comparisons
A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) was operated on the NASA DCâ8 aircraft during the summer INTEXâNA study to acquire ambient formaldehyde (CH2O) measurements over North America and the North Atlantic Ocean from âź0.2 km to âź12.5 km altitude spanning 17 science flights. Measurements of CH2O in the boundary layer and upper troposphere over the southeastern United States were anomalously low compared to studies in other years, and this was attributed to the record low temperatures over this region during the summer of 2004. Formaldehyde is primarily formed over the southeast from isoprene, and isoprene emissions are strongly temperatureâdependent. Despite this effect, the median upper tropospheric (UT) CH2O mixing ratio of 159 pptv from the TDLAS over continental North America is about a factor of 4 times higher than the median UT value of 40 pptv observed over remote regions during TRACEâP. These observations together with the higher variability observed in this study all point to the fact that continental CH2O levels in the upper troposphere were significantly perturbed during the summer of 2004 relative to more typical background levels in the upper troposphere over more remote regions. The TDLAS measurements discussed in this paper are employed together with box model results in the companion paper by Fried et al. to further examine enhanced CH2O distributions in the upper troposphere due to convection. Measurements of CH2O on the DCâ8 were also acquired by a coil enzyme fluorometric system and compared with measurements from the TDLAS system
Dipyrone in association with atropine inhibits the effect on gastric emptying induced by hypoglycemia in rats
Dysphagia in a Patient With a Zenker's Diverticulum: There Is More to It Than Meets the Eye
Identifying convective transport of carbon monoxide by comparing remotely sensed observations from TES with cloud modeling simulations
Understanding the mechanisms that transport pollutants from the surface to the free atmosphere is important for determining the atmosphere's chemical composition. This study quantifies the vertical transport of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) by deep mesoscale convective systems and assesses the ability of the satellite-borne Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) to detect the resulting enhanced CO in the upper atmosphere. A squall line that is similar to one occurring during NASA's INTEX-B mission is simulated using a typical environmental wind shear profile and the 2-D Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model. The simulation provides post-convection CO profiles. The structure of the simulated squall line is examined, and its vertical transport of CO is quantified. Then, TES' ability to resolve the convectively modified CO distribution is documented using a "clear-sky" retrieval scheme. Results show that the simulated squall line transports the greatest mass of CO in the upper levels, with a value of 96 <i>t</i> upward and 67 <i>t</i> downward at 300 hPa. Results indicate that TES has sufficient sensitivity to resolve convectively lofted CO, as long as the retrieval scene is cloud-free. TES swaths located immediately downwind of squall lines have the greatest chance of sensing convective transport because the impact of clouds on retrieval quality becomes less. A note of caution is to always analyze TES-derived CO data (or data from any satellite sensor) together with the retrieval averaging kernels that describe the information content of the retrieval
Su1270 â Clinical Performance of the H. Pylori Quik Chek⢠and H. Pylori Chek⢠Assays, Novel Stool Antigen Tests For Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori
Novel Imidazolidine-Tetrazole Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes
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