1,705 research outputs found
Study of the system of middle atmosphere-ionosphere using remote-sensing data
In the present investigation, the methods of statistical spectral analysis are employed for a study of the quasi-periodic changes of state parameters of the middle atmosphere and the ionosphere, taking into account oscillations with periods of several days. The considered oscillations are typical for planetary waves. The theory and empirical findings regarding transient planetary waves are utilized as a basis for the concepts employed in the data analysis and for the interpretation of the results. The results of the investigation show a presence of coherent variations in the time series of radiation density measurements and other state parameters for the middle atmosphere and the ionosphere. The existence of presumably dynamic coupling processes can be recognized in oscillations with periods of about 16 or 5 days
Andreev reflections on Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-delta evidence for an unusual proximity effect
We have measured Andreev reflections between an Au tip and
Y_{1-x}Ca_{x}Ba_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7 - \delta} thin films in the in-plane orientation.
The conductance spectra are best fitted with a pair potential having the
"d_{x^{2}-y^{2}+is" symmetry. We find that the amplitude of the "is" component
is enhanced as the contact transparency is increased. This is an indication for
an unusual proximity effect that modifies the pair potential in the
superconductor near the surface with the normal metal.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Noncyclic covers of knot complements
Hempel has shown that the fundamental groups of knot complements are
residually finite. This implies that every nontrivial knot must have a
finite-sheeted, noncyclic cover. We give an explicit bound, , such
that if is a nontrivial knot in the three-sphere with a diagram with
crossings and a particularly simple JSJ decomposition then the complement of
has a finite-sheeted, noncyclic cover with at most sheets.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures, from Ph.D. thesis at Columbia University;
Acknowledgments added; Content correcte
The Computational Complexity of Knot and Link Problems
We consider the problem of deciding whether a polygonal knot in 3-dimensional
Euclidean space is unknotted, capable of being continuously deformed without
self-intersection so that it lies in a plane. We show that this problem, {\sc
unknotting problem} is in {\bf NP}. We also consider the problem, {\sc
unknotting problem} of determining whether two or more such polygons can be
split, or continuously deformed without self-intersection so that they occupy
both sides of a plane without intersecting it. We show that it also is in NP.
Finally, we show that the problem of determining the genus of a polygonal knot
(a generalization of the problem of determining whether it is unknotted) is in
{\bf PSPACE}. We also give exponential worst-case running time bounds for
deterministic algorithms to solve each of these problems. These algorithms are
based on the use of normal surfaces and decision procedures due to W. Haken,
with recent extensions by W. Jaco and J. L. Tollefson.Comment: 32 pages, 1 figur
A New Precision Measurement of the 3He(4He,gamma)7Be Cross section
The 3He(4He,gamma)7Be reaction plays an important role in determining the
high energy solar neutrino flux and in understanding the abundances of
primordial 7Li. The present paper reports a new precision measurement of the
cross sections of this direct capture reaction, determined by measuring the
ensuing 7Be activity in the region of Ec.m.=400 keV to 950 keV. Various recent
theoretical fits to our data result in a consistent extrapolated value of
S34(0)=0.53(2)(1).Comment: 10 pages 3 figure
Confirmation of Parity Violation in the Gamma Decay of
This paper reports measurements using the technique of On Line Nuclear
Orientation (OLNO) which reexamine the gamma decay of isomeric Hf and specifically the 501 keV 8 -- 6
transition. The irregular admixture of E2 to M2/E3 multipolarity in this
transition, deduced from the forward-backward asymmetry of its angular
distribution, has for decades stood as the prime evidence for parity mixing in
nuclear states. The experiment, based on ion implantation of the newly
developed mass-separated Hf beam at ISOLDE, CERN into an
iron foil maintained at millikelvin temperatures, produces higher degrees of
polarization than were achieved in previous studies of this system. The value
found for the E2/M2 mixing ratio, = -0.0324(16)(17), is in close
agreement with the previous published average value = - 0.030(2), in
full confirmation of the presence of the irregular E2 admixture in the 501 keV
transition. The temperature dependence of the forward-backward asymmetry has
been measured over a more extended range of nuclear polarization than
previously possible, giving further evidence for parity mixing of the 8 and 8 levels and the deduced E2/M2 mixing ratio.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Consumo dos frutos e dispersão de sementes de Dimorphandra mollis Benth. (Leguminosae) pela anta no cerrado do Brasil Central
A frutificação de Dimorphandra mollis e o destino dos frutos foram analisados por 7 meses em uma área de cerrado stricto sensu no Distrito Federal. Analisamos 81 amostras de fezes de anta (Tapirus terrestris) coletadas em 6 áreas de cerrado no Brasil Central e oferecemos frutos a 5 antas no zoológico de Brasília. As fezes foram coletadas e as sementes usadas em testes de germinação. A anta é importante consumidor dos frutos e potencial dispersor das sementes. Contudo, o consumo de frutos no campo foi reduzido provavelmente em razão da palatabilidade dos frutos e da baixa densidade de frugívoros, especialmente antas. Discutimos a possibilidade de os dispersores originais pertencerem à megafauna extinta de mamíferos da América do Sul.Fruit phenology observations and consumption of Dimorphandra mollis (Leguminosae) were analyzed during seven months in an area of cerrado stricto sensu. We analysed 81 fecal samples collected at six different places of lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) in central Brazilian cerrado. In addition, from the feces of five tapirs at the Brasília Zoo to which fruit had been offered, seeds were collected and used in germination tests. The results suggest that the tapir is an important fruit consumer and a potential seed disperser of D. mollis. In the field, however, fruit consumption was found to be very low, probably because of both fruit palatability and the low density of frugivores, especially tapirs. The possibility that the original dispersal agents of D. mollis seeds belonged to the South American Pleistocene megafauna is discussed
Experimental evidence of strong phonon scattering in isotopical disordered systems: The case of LiH_xD_{1-x} crystals
The observation of the local - mode vibration, the two - mode behavior of the
LO phonons at large isotope concentration, as well as large line broadening in
LIH - D mixed crystals directly evidence strong additional phonon scattering
due to the isotope - induced disorder.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
The Optical Design and Characterization of the Microwave Anisotropy Probe
The primary goal of the MAP satellite, now in orbit, is to make high fidelity
polarization sensitive maps of the full sky in five frequency bands between 20
and 100 GHz. From these maps we will characterize the properties of the cosmic
microwave background (CMB) anisotropy and Galactic and extragalactic emission
on angular scales ranging from the effective beam size, <0.23 degree, to the
full sky. MAP is a differential microwave radiometer. Two back-to-back shaped
offset Gregorian telescopes feed two mirror symmetric arrays of ten corrugated
feeds. We describe the prelaunch design and characterization of the optical
system, compare the optical models to the measurements, and consider multiple
possible sources of systematic error.Comment: ApJ in press; 22 pages with 11 low resolution figures; paper is
available with higher quality figures at
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_mm/tp_links.htm
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