Electronic word of mouth in social media: The common characteristics of retweeted and favourited marketer-generated content posted on Twitter

Marketers desire to utilise electronic word of mouth (eWOM) marketing on social media sites. However, not all online content generated by marketers has the same effect on consumers; some of them are effective while others are not. This paper aims to examine different characteristics of marketer-generated content (MGC) that of which one lead users to eWOM. Twitter was chosen as one of the leading social media sites and a content analysis approach was employed to identify the common characteristics of retweeted and favourited tweets. 2,780 tweets from six companies (Booking, Hostelworld, Hotels, Lastminute, Laterooms and Priceline) operating in the tourism sector are analysed. Results indicate that the posts which contain pictures, hyperlinks, product or service information, direct answers to customers and brand centrality are more likely to be retweeted and favourited by users. The findings present the main eWOM drivers for MGC in social media.Abdulaziz Elwalda and Mohammed Alsagga

Restoration of The Bedesten in Trabzon

Trabzon kenti, Asya’ya uzanan üçüncü kervan yolunun başlangıcında bulunması nedeniyle önemli ticaret yapılarına sahiptir. Trabzon Bedesteni de bu yapılardan biridir. Değerli ticaret mallarının alınıp satıldığı, yangın ve yağmalardan korunduğu Trabzon Bedesteni’nin, 15. yüzyıl sonlarında Osmanlılar tarafından yapıldığı görüşü ağırlık kazanmaktadır. Zamanla özgün işlevini kaybeden bedesten kullanım dışı kalmasıyla birlikte yapısal bozulmalara uğramış ve yıkılmaya yüz tutmuştur. Doksanlı yılların sonlarına gelindiğinde Trabzon’un önemli kültür varlığı olarak korunması gereken yapının farklı bir işlevle yeniden kullanılması gündeme gelmiştir. Bu amaçla Trabzon İl Özel İdare Müdürlüğü mülkiyetindeki yapı için, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi ve Valilik işbirliği ile makalenin yazarlarının da içinde bulunduğu bir çalışma grubu tarafından hazırlanan restorasyon projesi, Trabzon Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Kurulu tarafından 29.01.1999 gün 3373 sayılı karar ile onaylanmıştır. Restorasyon projesinin uygulanmasıyla bedesten, Trabzon’un sosyal ve ticari yaşamına yeniden kazandırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma, Trabzon Bedesteni’nin tarihsel geçmişini ve yapısal özelliklerini tanıtarak, rölöve çalışmaları ile restorasyon aşamasında gerçekleştirilen yeniden yapım ve iyileştirme uygulamalarını içermektedir.Trabzon has had important commercial buildings since it has taken place at the beginning of the third caravan route through Asia. The Bedesten in Trabzon is one of these constructions. It is commonly thought that the Bedesten as the central building of the commercial part of the town was built by Ottomans in late 15th century in Trabzon. The Bedesten, which lost its original function over time, had structural distortions as being out of use and it tended to collapse. At the end of the 90s the idea of re-use of this structure with a different function which has to be protected as a major cultural asset of the city has been come up. For this purpose, in collaboration with the Governorship of Trabzon and Karadeniz Technical University, it was regained to the social and trading life of Trabzon by carrying out a restoration project prepared by a working group that includes the authors of this article. This study comprises surveying practices, reconstruction and rehabilitation applications carried out in restoration phase by introducing historical background and structural properties of the Bedesten in Trabzon

Examination of Science Achievement in the 8th Grade Level in Turkey in Terms of National and International Exams Depending upon Various Variables

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of demographic characteristics of students in Turkey upon their performance in TIMSS, an international assessment exam and Secondary Education Transition Examination which is a national exam (OGS). One of the fields of sciences, biology is taken into account as student performance. As a result of the t-test analysis, it was determined that gender has a statistically significant effect on the students’ TIMSS and TEOG exam results; besides, it was found that female students are more successful compared to boys Whether students receive private tutoring which refers to the economic characteristics of the students has not statistically significant effect on TIMSS biology scores, while it has a positive and significant impact upon OGS biology scores.  Moreover, findings revealed that parental educational level has a positive and significant effect on TIMSS and OGS scores of the students. Keywords: TIMSS, TEOG, science achievement, Turkey, private tutorin

Reply to Comment by Jonathan J. Rhodes on ‘‘Modeling of the Interactions between Forest Vegetation, Disturbances, and Sediment Yields’’

Rhodes [2005] brings up some excellent points in his comments on the work of Istanbulluoglu et al. [2004]. We appreciate the opportunity to respond because it is likely that other readers will also wonder how they can apply the relatively simple analysis to important policy questions. Models necessarily reduce the complexity of the problem to make it tractable and synthesize some diverse sources of information. It may be helpful at times for readers to understand the high dimension of the complexity sacrificed in order to obtain the synthesis and the reasons for reducing the complexity in a particular manner. Rhodes [2005] comments on three things: (1) the omission of roads and landings from the analysis; (2) the implicit assumption that fire does not occur with harvesting; and (3) the overestimation of water repellency. We will respond to each of these, clarifying and elaborating on the basis for our modeling choices

Evaluations of User-Driven Ontology Summarization

Ontology Summarization has been found useful to facilitate ontology engineering tasks in a number of different ways. Recently, it has been recognised as a means to facilitate ontology understanding and then support tasks like ontology reuse in ontology construction. Among the works in literature, not only distinctive methods are used to summarize ontology, also different measures are deployed to evaluate the summarization results. Without a set of common evaluation measures in place, it is not possible to compare the performance and therefore judge the effectiveness of those summarization methods. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of the evaluation measures from ontology evaluation and summary evaluation domain for ontology summary evaluation. Based on those measures, we evaluate the performances of the existing user-driven ontology summarization approaches

Hellenistic Amphora Stamps From Elaiussa

Elaiussa is situated on the coastal strip of the Olba region, which extends between the Kalykadnos and Lamos Rivers (Map 1). The city was part of the Eastern Mediterranean trading community from the 2nd century B.C. to the 7thcentury A.D., due to its location on the coastal road, as well as to its access to rich natural and agricultural sources. The finds from the excavations since 1995 furnish insight into the built environment and city life in Elaiussa, especially during the Roman and Late ..