Kinerja Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob dengan Media Batu untuk Pengolahan Air Buangan yang Mengandung Molase

Anaerobic hybrid bioreactor is a combination of suspended and attached growth systems. Stone was used as the microorganism attachment media. The feeding solution was made from molasses diluted to COD concentration of 10,000, 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 mg/L. The hydraulic detention time was 30 hours and the height ratio between suspended and attached growth system was 0.5. The result shows that the organic concentration seems to be on of the determining factors. Furthermore, since the methane production was still low enough, it seems that the process has not achieved its optimum condition for methanogenic stage.

Clinicopathologic predictors of finding additional inguinal lymph node metastases in penile cancer patients following positive dynamic sentinel node biopsy:a European multicentre evaluation

OBJECTIVES: Following tumour positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (+DSNB), completion inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) is negative in 84-89% of basins. Thus, ILND after +DSNB may be considered overtreatment resulting in substantial morbidity. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for additional inguinal lymph node metastases (LNM) at ILND following +DSNB using DSNB characteristics to identify a patient group in which ILND might be omitted. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 407 inguinal basins with a +DSNB of penile cancer patients who underwent subsequent ILND from seven European centres. From the histopathology reports, the number of positive and negative lymph nodes, extranodal extension and size of the metastasis were recorded. Using bootstrapped logistic regression, variables were selected for the clinical prediction model based on the optimisation of Akaike's information criterion. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated for the resulting model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical utility of the model. RESULTS: 64 (16%) of +DSNB harboured additional LNM at ILND. The number of positive nodes at +DSNB (odds ratio (OR) 2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-4.00; p=0.01) and the largest metastasis size in mm (OR 1.06; 95%CI 1.03-1.10; p=0.001) were selected for the clinical prediction model. The AUC was 0.67 (95%CI 0.60-0.74). The DCA showed no clinical benefit of using the clinical prediction model. CONCLUSION: A small but clinically important group of basins harbour additional LNM at completion ILND following +DSNB. While DSNB characteristics were associated with additional LNM, they did not improve the selection of basins in which ILND could be omitted. Thus, completion ILND remains necessary in all basins with a +DSNB

Affordances, constraints and information flows as ‘leverage points’ in design for sustainable behaviour

Copyright @ 2012 Social Science Electronic PublishingTwo of Donella Meadows' 'leverage points' for intervening in systems (1999) seem particularly pertinent to design for sustainable behaviour, in the sense that designers may have the scope to implement them in (re-)designing everyday products and services. The 'rules of the system' -- interpreted here to refer to affordances and constraints -- and the structure of information flows both offer a range of opportunities for design interventions to in fluence behaviour change, and in this paper, some of the implications and possibilities are discussed with reference to parallel concepts from within design, HCI and relevant areas of psychology

Game feature and expertise effects on experienced richness, control and engagement in game play

The extent to which game play is experienced as engaging is an important criterion for the playability of video games. This study investigates how video games can be designed towards increased levels of experienced engagement over time. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted in which a total of 35 participants repeatedly played a video game. Results indicate that experienced engagement is based on the extent to which the game provides rich experiences as well as by the extent to which the game provides a sense of control. In view of the influence of both game features and players’ expertise on the levels of experienced richness and control, it is concluded that game features should be modified over time to maintain optimal levels of engagement

Kinerja Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob dengan Media Batu untuk Pengolahan Air Buangan yang Mengandung Molase

Anaerobic hybrid bioreactor is a combination of suspended and attached growth systems. Stone was used as the microorganism attachment media. The feeding solution was made from molasses diluted to COD concentration of 10,000, 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 mg/L. The hydraulic detention time was 30 hours and the height ratio between suspended and attached growth system was 0.5. The result shows that the organic concentration seems to be on of the determining factors. Furthermore, since the methane production was still low enough, it seems that the process has not achieved its optimum condition for methanogenic stage.

Measuring Semantic and Emotional Responses to Bio-inspired Design

This research explores the relation between specific inspirations such as animals postures and the expressiveness of the design solutions provided by the designers. The prediction of semantic and emotional responses underlying animals’ postures and attitudes might help designers to define design specifications and imagine design solutions with a high expressivity. To address this issue, an experiment was conducted with designers in watching six sets of animal posture images and corresponding product images. This experiment derived quantitative and qualitative results from the combination of cogntive/physiological methods: a questionnaire, Galvanic Skin Reponse (GSR), and eye tracking system