955 research outputs found
Instability of dilute granular flow on rough slope
We study numerically the stability of granular flow on a rough slope in
collisional flow regime in the two-dimension. We examine the density dependence
of the flowing behavior in low density region, and demonstrate that the
particle collisions stabilize the flow above a certain density in the parameter
region where a single particle shows an accelerated behavior. Within this
parameter regime, however, the uniform flow is only metastable and is shown to
be unstable against clustering when the particle density is not high enough.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.; Fig. 2 replaced;
references added; comments added; misprints correcte
Prediction of final infarct volume from native CT perfusion and treatment parameters using deep learning
CT Perfusion (CTP) imaging has gained importance in the diagnosis of acute
stroke. Conventional perfusion analysis performs a deconvolution of the
measurements and thresholds the perfusion parameters to determine the tissue
status. We pursue a data-driven and deconvolution-free approach, where a deep
neural network learns to predict the final infarct volume directly from the
native CTP images and metadata such as the time parameters and treatment. This
would allow clinicians to simulate various treatments and gain insight into
predicted tissue status over time. We demonstrate on a multicenter dataset that
our approach is able to predict the final infarct and effectively uses the
metadata. An ablation study shows that using the native CTP measurements
instead of the deconvolved measurements improves the prediction.Comment: Accepted for publication in Medical Image Analysi
Effect of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen on body temperature in acute ischemic stroke PISA, a phase II double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial [ISRCTN98608690]
BACKGROUND: Body temperature is a strong predictor of outcome in acute stroke. In a previous randomized trial we observed that treatment with high-dose acetaminophen (paracetamol) led to a reduction of body temperature in patients with acute ischemic stroke, even when they had no fever. The purpose of the present trial was to study whether this effect of acetaminophen could be reproduced, and whether ibuprofen would have a similar, or even stronger effect. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with acute ischemic stroke confined to the anterior circulation were randomized to treatment with either 1000 mg acetaminophen, 400 mg ibuprofen, or placebo, given 6 times daily during 5 days. Treatment was started within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. Body temperatures were measured at 2-hour intervals during the first 24 hours, and at 6-hour intervals thereafter. RESULTS: No difference in body temperature at 24 hours was observed between the three treatment groups. However, treatment with high-dose acetaminophen resulted in a 0.3°C larger reduction in body temperature from baseline than placebo treatment (95% CI: 0.0 to 0.6 °C). Acetaminophen had no significant effect on body temperature during the subsequent four days compared to placebo, and ibuprofen had no statistically significant effect on body temperature during the entire study period. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a daily dose of 6000 mg acetaminophen results in a small, but potentially worthwhile decrease in body temperature after acute ischemic stroke, even in normothermic and subfebrile patients. Further large randomized clinical trials are needed to study whether early reduction of body temperature leads to improved outcome
La production biologique de porcs en Europe - Gestion de la santé des porcs dans les élevages de production
Les éleveurs de porcs biologiques ont développé en Europe différents systèmes de logement qui dépendent de la disponibilité des terres, des caractéristiques du sol et du climat, des traditions et des schémas de certification. Ce guide décrit les principaux systèmes de logement des porcs biologiques. Il compare les avantages et les inconvénients de chacun et donne des recommandations aux éleveurs pour mieux agir sur la santé des animaux
Effect of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen on body temperature in acute ischemic stroke PISA, a phase II double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial [ISRCTN98608690]
BACKGROUND: Body temperature is a strong predictor of outcome in acute stroke. In a previous randomized trial we observed that treatment with high-dose acetaminophen (paracetamol) led to a reduction of body temperature in patients with acute ischemic stroke, even when they had no fever. The purpose of the present trial was to study whether this effect of acetaminophen could be reproduced, and whether ibuprofen would have a similar, or even stronger effect. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with acute ischemic stroke confined to the anterior circulation were randomized to treatment with either 1000 mg acetaminophen, 400 mg ibuprofen, or placebo, given 6 times daily during 5 days. Treatment was started within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. Body temperatures were measured at 2-hour intervals during the first 24 hours, and at 6-hour intervals thereafter. RESULTS: No difference in body temperature at 24 hours was observed between the three treatment groups. However, treatment with high-dose acetaminophen resulted in a 0.3°C larger reduction in body temperature from baseline than placebo treatment (95% CI: 0.0 to 0.6 °C). Acetaminophen had no significant effect on body temperature during the subsequent four days compared to placebo, and ibuprofen had no statistically significant effect on body temperature during the entire study period. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a daily dose of 6000 mg acetaminophen results in a small, but potentially worthwhile decrease in body temperature after acute ischemic stroke, even in normothermic and subfebrile patients. Further large randomized clinical trials are needed to study whether early reduction of body temperature leads to improved outcome
Determinants of the Presence and Size of Intracranial Aneurysms in the General Population The Rotterdam Study
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in the adult population is ≈3%.
Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm can have devastating consequences, which emphasizes the importance of identification
of potentially modifiable determinants for the presence and size of UIAs. Our aim was to study the association of a broad
spectrum of potential determinants with the presence and size of UIAs in a general adult population.
METHODS: Between 2005 and 2015, 5841 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age, 64.4
years, 45.0% male) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (1.5T). These scans were evaluated for the presence of
incidental UIAs. We determined number and volume of the UIAs. Using logistic and linear regression models, we assessed
the association of cardiovascular, lifestyle and emerging inflammatory and hormonal determinants with the presence and
volume of UIAs.
RESULTS: In 134 (2.3%) participants, ≥1 UIAs were detected (149 UIAs in total), with a median volume of 61.1 mm3
(interquartile range, 33.2–134.0). In multivariable models, female sex (odds ratio, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.33–2.84]), hypertension
(odds ratio, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.13–2.68]), and current smoking (odds ratio, 3.75 [95% CI, 2.27–6.33]) were associated with
the presence of UIAs. We found no association of alcohol use, physical activity, or diet quality with UIA presence. Finally, we
found white blood cell count to relate to larger aneurysm volume (difference in volume of 33.6 mm3 per 109/L increase in
white blood cell [95% CI, 3.92–63.5]).
CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study, female sex, hypertension, and smoking, but no other lifestyle determinants, were
associated with the presence of UIAs. White blood cell count is associated with size of UIAs. Preventive strategies should
focus on treating hypertension and promoting cessation of smoking
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