102 research outputs found
Electrochemical Process for Diazinon Removal from Aqueous Media: Design of Experiments, Optimization, and DLLME-GC-FID Method for Diazinon Determination
In the present study, electrochemical process was studied via removal of diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate) as an insecticide/ acaricide organic case study. Influences of three operational parameters including initial ferrous ion concentration, initial hydrogen peroxide concentration, and initial diazinon concentration were measured and optimized in diazinon removal process. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments. The experimental data collected in a laboratory-scaled batch reactor equipped with four graphite bar electrodes as cathode and an aluminum sheet electrode as an anode. Quantitative analysis of diazinon was done with gas chromatography equipped with flame photometric detector. Disperse liquidāliquid microextraction was used prior to gas chromatography in order to extraction and preconcentration of diazinon from aqueous media to extraction phase. Acetone and chlorobenzene were used as disperser and extraction solvent, respectively. Maximum diazinon removal efficiency of 87% (0.85mg mass removal) in C0 of 2mg/L and 80% (120mg mass removal) in C0 of 300mg/L was achieved under different experimental conditions. The obtained experimental data were used for model building by RSM approach. Finally, optimization process was carried out using RSM algorithm. Ā© 2015, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
Effect of drying process on antioxidant properties of date palm fruits
Aim. In order to identify antioxidant activities and phenolic compound, two varieties of date palm (Mazfati and Kalute varieties) (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits (DPF) from Iran systematically evaluated. Methods. Antioxidant activity determined using typical methods such as DPPH, reducing power and total antioxidant method. The total phenolic content of the dates was measured using Folin-Ciocalteau method. The included samples were gathered at three stages of khalaal, rutab, tamr and dried date from Sam and Jiroft date. The total phenolic content ranged from 1074, 856.4 and 723.8 in Mozafati variety and 921.5, 723.5 and 785.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE/100-g-dw sample) in Kalute variety for khalal, rutab and tamr stage, respectively. Results. In both varieties antioxidant activities and total phenolic content decreased by ripening stages. Result of drying process showed that total phenolic content and antioxidant activities varied from temperature and decreased by increase of drying temperature. Conclusion. This research demonstrates Iranian dates could be potential rich resources of natural antioxidants, and could be developed into functional foods or drug for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress
Control of polarization and mode mapping of small volume high Q micropillars
We show that the polarization of the emission of a single quantum dot embedded within a microcavity pillar of elliptical cross section can be completely controlled and even switched between two orthogonal linear polarizations by changing the coupling of the dot emission with the polarized photonic modes. We also measure the spatial profle of the emission of a series of pillars with
different ellipticities and show that the results can be well described by simple theoretical modeling
of the modes of an infinite length elliptical cylinder
Production of low fat french-fries with single and multi-layer hydrocolloid coatings
Abstract In this study the influence of coating with different hydrocolloids on the oil absorption and quality attributes of French fries was investigated. Our results revealed that hydrocolloid coatings reduced the moisture loss during frying, and hence, reduced the oil uptake of French fries. Among the studied gums as a single layer coating, combination of carboxy methyl cellulose and pectin (0.5 and 1% w/w) lead to the lowest oil uptake of French fries. In samples coated with two and three-layer hydrocolloids, the oil absorption reduced further and the moisture content of final products was higher than the blank samples
The evaluation of risk for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes
Cilj istraživanja je procijeniti rizik za opstrukcijsku apneju tijekom spavanja (engl. Obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) u bolesnika sa Å”eÄernom boleÅ”Äu tipa 2, s pomoÄu STOP upitnika (engl. Snoring, Tiredness, Observed, Pressure; STOP). S pomoÄu Epworthove ljestvice pospanosti (ESS) procijenjena je prekomjerna dnevna pospanost i ispitana povezanost pospanosti i rizika za OSA-u u bolesnika sa Å”eÄernom boleÅ”Äu tipa 2. DosadaÅ”nja istraživanja pokazala su da oÅ”teÄena tolerancije glukoze i Å”eÄerna bolest tipa 2 predstavljaju Äimbenik rizika za OSA-u, ali i da OSA predstavlja Äimbenik rizika za Å”eÄernu bolest tipa 2. U naÅ”em istraživanju sudjelovala su 252 ispitanika sa Å”eÄernom boleÅ”Äu tipa 2, koji su bili anketirani za vrijeme redovitih pregleda u KliniÄkom bolniÄkom centru Split. Rezultati naÅ”eg istraživanja pokazali su da je 156
ispitanika (61,9%) imalo poveÄan rizik za OSA-u prema rezultatima STOP upitnika. Nadalje, ispitanici koji su imali poveÄani rizik u odnosu na ispitanike koji nisu imali rizik za OSA-u bili su stariji (65 vs. 61 godina, p < 0,05), imali viÅ”i indeks tjelesne mase (28,6 Ā± 5,1 vs. 26,5 Ā± 4,1, p < 0,001), veÄi opseg vrata (41,5 Ā± 4,7
vs. 39,6 Ā± 6,2, p < 0,009) i bili pospaniji prema rezultatima ESS (5,3 Ā± 3,1 vs. 3,9 Ā± 2,5, p < 0,001). Uz Å”eÄernu bolest, veÄina ispitanika imala je i pridružene bolesti: arterijska hipertenzija (46%), gastroezofagealna refluksna bolest (28%), depresija (10%) i astma (8%). OSA je dio Å”irokoga spektra poremeÄaja disanja tijekom spavanja koja se dovodi u vezu s metaboliÄkim poremeÄajima poput Å”eÄerne bolesti tipa 2, a epidemioloÅ”ki podaci o zastupljenosti OSA u Hrvatskoj su nedostatni. Ovo istraživanje ukazuje na potrebu
provoÄenja probira za OSA u bolesnika sa Å”eÄernom boleÅ”Äu tipa 2, koristeÄi STOP upitnik.The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes using the STOP questionnaire (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed, Pressure; STOP). Excessive daytime sleepiness was evaluated with the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Previous studies support the idea that
glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes might represent risk factors for OSA, as well as the idea of OSA being the risk factor for type 2 diabetes. A total of 252 patients with type 2 diabetes were surveyed during the regular follow-up in the Regional Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of Split University Hospital. The results of our study indicate that 156 patients (61.9%) had increased risk for OSA according to STOP questionnaire score. In addition, those at high risk for OSA were older (65 vs. 61 years
of age, p < 0.05), had higher body mass index (BMI, 28.6 Ā± 5.1 vs. 26.5 Ā± 4.1, p < 0.001), higher neck circumference (41.5 Ā± 4.7 vs. 39.6 Ā± 6.2, p < 0.009), and had excessive daytime sleepiness according to the ESS score (5.3 Ā± 3.1 vs. 3.9 Ā± 2.5, p < 0.001). Individuals with type 2 diabetes reported to have comorbidities, mainly hypertension (46%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (28%), depression (10%), and asthma (8%). Based on current evidence from literature, OSA could be related to clinical conditions such as
diabetes and essential hypertension. More epidemiological data are needed to establish the prevalence of OSA in Croatian patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings indicate the relevance of STOP questionnaire use as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes in Croatia
International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis
Background: Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR).Methods: Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus.Results: The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR.Conclusion: This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding. </p
Kinetic Study of Phenol Sorption by Eggshell Wastes in Batch System
Background & Objectives: Phenol is one of the hazardous pollutants in industrials effluent. This pollutant is very toxic to human and the environment. The purpose of this study was investigation of phenol adsorption capacity with egg shell waste from aqueous solution. Methods: The eggshells were dried at 70ā¦C and for 12 hr in oven and then shells were crushed. The surface characteristics and quantitative elemental information were studied with SEM and XRF analysis. Then the Freundlich and Longmuir adsorption isotherms and Kinetic models were applied to description of the experimental data. Results: The maximum adsorption took place in first 60min of reaction and at pH 9. With increasing the temperature the pollutant adsorption was decreased. Also absorption characteristics of this pollutant on eggshell accommodated with Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.996). Phenol removal kinetics were fitted with both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. Conclusion: The presented results demonstrate clearly that eggshell is a potentially useful material to be used for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater
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