An evidence-based public health approach to establish an antiretroviral treatment program in a resource-limited setting

Contains fulltext : 109136.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 25 juni 2012Promotores : Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Essex, M

Oxygen-isotope effect on the superconducting gap in the cuprate superconductor Y_{1-x}Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}

The oxygen-isotope (^{16}O/^{18}O) effect (OIE) on the zero-temperature superconducting energy gap \Delta_0 was studied for a series of Y_{1-x}Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta} samples (0.0\leq x\leq0.45). The OIE on \Delta_0 was found to scale with the one on the superconducting transition temperature. These experimental results are in quantitative agreement with predictions from a polaronic model for cuprate high-temperature superconductors and rule out approaches based on purely electronic mechanisms.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Magnetic field enhanced structural instability in EuTiO_{3}

EuTiO_{3} undergoes a structural phase transition from cubic to tetragonal at T_S = 282 K which is not accompanied by any long range magnetic order. However, it is related to the oxygen ocathedra rotation driven by a zone boundary acoustic mode softening. Here we show that this displacive second order structural phase transition can be shifted to higher temperatures by the application of an external magnetic field (increased by 4 K for mu_{0}H = 9 T). This observed field dependence is in agreement with theoretical predictions based on a coupled spin-anharmonic-phonon interaction model.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Manipulation of the graphene surface potential by ion irradiation

We show that the work function of exfoliated single layer graphene can be modified by irradiation with swift (E_{kin}=92 MeV) heavy ions under glancing angles of incidence. Upon ion impact individual surface tracks are created in graphene on SiC. Due to the very localized energy deposition characteristic for ions in this energy range, the surface area which is structurally altered is limited to ~ 0.01 mum^2 per track. Kelvin probe force microscopy reveals that those surface tracks consist of electronically modified material and that a few tracks suffice to shift the surface potential of the whole single layer flake by ~ 400 meV. Thus, the irradiation turns the initially n-doped graphene into p-doped graphene with a hole density of 8.5 x 10^{12} holes/cm^2. This doping effect persists even after heating the irradiated samples to 500{\deg}C. Therefore, this charge transfer is not due to adsorbates but must instead be attributed to implanted atoms. The method presented here opens up a new way to efficiently manipulate the charge carrier concentration of graphene.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Polaron Coherence as Origin of the Pseudogap Phase in High Temperature Superconducting Cuprates

Within a two component approach to high Tc copper oxides including polaronic couplings, we identify the pseudogap phase as the onset of polaron ordering. This ordering persists in the superconducting phase. A huge isotope effect on the pseudogap onset temperature is predicted and in agreement with experimental data. The anomalous temperature dependence of the mean square copper oxygen ion displacement observed above, at and below Tc stems from an s-wave superconducting component of the order parameter, whereas a pure d-wave order parameter alone can be excluded.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Lattice and polarizability mediated spin activity in EuTiO_3

EuTiO_3 is shown to exhibit novel strong spin-charge-lattice coupling deep in the paramagnetic phase. Its existence is evidenced by an, until now, unknown response of the paramagnetic susceptibility at temperatures exceeding the structural phase transition temperature T_S = 282K. The "extra" features in the susceptibility follow the rotational soft zone boundary mode temperature dependence above and below T_S. The theoretical modeling consistently reproduces this behavior and provides reasoning for the stabilization of the soft optic mode other than quantum fluctuations.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Tuning the structural instability of SrTiO_3 by Eu doping: The phase diagram of Sr_1-xEu_xTiO_3

The phase diagram of Sr_1-xEu_xTiO_3 is determined experimentally by electron paramagnetic resonance and resistivity measurements and analyzed theoretically within the self-consistent phonon approximation as a function of x ([0.03-1.0]). The transition temperature of the structural instability of the system increases nonlinearly to higher temperatures with increasing x. This is interpreted theoretically by a substantial alteration in the dynamics caused by a change in the double-well potential from broad and shallow to narrow and deep.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure