61 research outputs found

    Apport de facteurs de croissance à la micropopulation du rumen : Valeur d'une méthode bactériologique chez les bovins tropicaux

    Get PDF
    Un apport de facteurs de croissance Ă  la micropopulation du rumen peut ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ© sous forme d'une culture bactĂ©rienne dĂ©veloppĂ©e dans l'eau de boisson des bovins Ă  la faveur de la chaleur tropicale. Cette mĂ©thode, rĂ©alisable selon une technique simple, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©prouvĂ©e durant un an sur 44 zĂ©bus sĂ©nĂ©galais. Elle a dĂ©montrĂ© une Ă©volution pondĂ©rale significativement plus favorable des sujets en expĂ©rience par rapport aux tĂ©moins et une potentialisation qui peut accroĂźtre de 100 p. 100 l'effet des autres complĂ©mentations alimentaire

    Fermentation microbienne de produits végétaux destinés à l'alimentation du bétail au Sénégal. II - Application à l'amélioration de la digestibilité <em>in vivo</em>

    Get PDF
    Certains produits vĂ©gĂ©taux destinĂ©s Ă  l'alimentation du bĂ©tail au SĂ©nĂ©gal peuvent fermenter spontanĂ©ment lorsqu'ils sont rĂ©hydratĂ©s en eau salĂ©e (Ă  6,5 p. 1 000) et exposĂ©s 48 heures au soleil en rĂ©cipient Ă©tanche. AprĂšs cette fermentation, la digestibilitĂ© in vivo sur moutons de chacun de ces produits a Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©e Ă  celle du mĂȘme produit non fermentĂ©. Elle s'est accrue de 7,9 p. 100 en moyenne en ce qui concerne la matiĂšre sĂšche de la coque d'arachide, fane d'arachide, paille de mil et sons ou leurs mĂ©langes. CorrĂ©lativement valeur UF et indice de consommation sont significativement amĂ©liorĂ©

    Production de protéines d'organismes unicellulaires (P.O.U.) à partir de coque d'arachide

    Get PDF
    La coque d'arachide, réhydratée à 300 p. 100 en eau salée à 7 p. 1 000, dans une enceinte exposée 48 h au soleil, permet le développement d'une abondante microflore. Le filtrat, sédimenté, de ce mélange renferme de 24 à 38 p. 100 de matiÚres protéiques brutes, et un mélange d'acides aminés essentiels dont l'indice d'OSER est de 77,1. Ce sédiment, desséché, ne s'est pas montré toxique "in vivo" pour le rat ou les volailles. Incorporé à des taux variant de 20 à 33 p. 100 à la ration de ces volailles, il réduit leur consommation, donc leur gain de poids, mais leur conserve l'indice de consommation observé avec une ration contenant du tourteau d'arachide. Le coût de production de ces protéines, avec les méthodes utilisées, est inférieur à ceux des autres procédés actuellement employés en matiÚre de protéines d'organismes unicellulaire

    Killing of Targets by CD8+ T Cells in the Mouse Spleen Follows the Law of Mass Action

    Get PDF
    It has been difficult to correlate the quality of CD8 T cell responses with protection against viral infections. To investigate the relationship between efficacy and magnitude of T cell responses, we quantify the rate at which individual CD8 effector and memory T cells kill target cells in the mouse spleen. Using mathematical modeling, we analyze recent data on the loss of target cells pulsed with three different peptides from the mouse lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mouse spleens with varying numbers of epitope-specific CD8 T cells. We find that the killing of targets follows the law of mass-action, i.e., the death rate of individual target cells remains proportional to the frequency (or the total number) of specific CD8 T cells in the spleen despite the fact that effector cell densities and effector to target ratios vary about a 1000-fold. The killing rate of LCMV-specific CD8 T cells is largely independent of T cell specificity and differentiation stage. Our results thus allow one to calculate the critical T cell concentration at which growth of a virus with a given replication rate can be prevented from the start of infection by memory CD8 T cell response

    Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Can Halt and Even Reverse Renal Tubule-Interstitial Fibrosis

    Get PDF
    Background: The tubule-interstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of progressive renal disease and is strongly associated with inflammation of this compartment. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective molecule that has been shown to be beneficial in various models of renal injury. However, the role of HO-1 in reversing an established renal scar has not yet been addressed. Aim: We explored the ability of HO-1 to halt and reverse the establishment of fibrosis in an experimental model of chronic renal disease. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and divided into two groups: non-treated and Hemin-treated. To study the prevention of fibrosis, animals were pre-treated with Hemin at days -2 and -1 prior to UUO. To investigate whether HO-1 could reverse established fibrosis, Hemin therapy was given at days 6 and 7 post-surgery. After 7 and/or 14 days, animals were sacrificed and blood, urine and kidney tissue samples were collected for analyses. Renal function was determined by assessing the serum creatinine, inulin clearance, proteinuria/creatininuria ratio and extent of albuminuria. Arterial blood pressure was measured and fibrosis was quantified by Picrosirius staining. Gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules, as well as HO-1 were performed. Results: Pre-treatment with Hemin upregulated HO-1 expression and significantly reduced proteinuria, albuminuria, inflammation and pro-fibrotic protein and gene expressions in animals subjected to UUO. Interestingly, the delayed treatment with Hemin was also able to reduce renal dysfunction and to decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, all in association with significantly reduced levels of fibrosis-related molecules and collagen deposition. Finally, TGF-beta protein production was significantly lower in Hemin-treated animals. Conclusion: Treatment with Hemin was able both to prevent the progression of fibrosis and to reverse an established renal scar. Modulation of inflammation appears to be the major mechanism behind HO-1 cytoprotection.Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP[07/07139-3]Coordenaco de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPESInstituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Complexos Fluidos (INCT)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNP

    Disease: A Hitherto Unexplored Constraint on the Spread of Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in Pre-Columbian South America

    Full text link
    • 

    corecore