EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS USING NANO ADDITIVES IN DIESEL AND BIODIESEL

ABSTRACT Diesel engines are well adapted by mankind because of their low fuel consumption and better efficiency. In recent times researchers have focused more on alternate fuels, with the depleting trend of petro diesel. Biodiesel is the one of such alternate fuel whose calorific value nearer to diesel. Most of the researchers concluded that with the usage of biodiesels the emissions can be reduced maintaining the consistency in efficiency, compared to diesel. In the present era of Nano technology there is the scope to improve the efficiency of engines using Nano additives in blended fuels. In this work single cylinder 4 stroke DI diesel engine is selected. The performance of different blends of mahua oil methyl esters for which cerium oxide (CeO2) Nano additives of size 30-50 nm is added in different proportions in blended fuel. The experiment has been conducted with neat diesel fuel and diesel-biodiesel blends (addition of cerium oxide (CeO2) Nano additive) in a four stroke single cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine. Those results are compared with conventional diesel fuel, diesel-biodiesel blends showed good performance, lower carbon monoxide (CO), and hydro carbons(HC) but higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission.

Molprint 2D-Based Identification and Synthesis of Novel Chromene Based Small Molecules that Target Pla2: Validation through Chemo-And Bioinformatics Approaches

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is known to regulate inflammation and hence it is considered as a validated drug-target by medicinal chemists. In this report, we have identified and considered a highly ranked ligand from the ZINC-drug-like compounds database that targets PLA2 via the MOLPRINT-2D based chemoinformatics drug-design approach. The computationally predicted lead molecule was found to contain a core moiety of a chromene ring, which is well known for its varied biological properties. Here, a novel and efficient retro-synthetic protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted chromene libraries was made. A one-pot synthesis of chromene was carried out using different aromatic primary alcohols, malononitrile and 4-hydroxy coumarin in the presence of a mild oxidant mixture called T3P®–DMSO, followed by a Suzuki coupling reaction to obtain the lead molecules. All of the tested compounds of the chromene series displayed inhibition of the venom PLA2 in the range of 12 to 68 μM. Among the tested compounds, 2-amino-4-(2′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile (7b) showed maximum inhibitory efficacy against venom PLA2 with an IC50 value of 12.5 μM. Furthermore, the designed PLA2 ligands bound to the active site of venom PLA2, whose binding affinity was comparable to nimesulide, indicating that the chromene moiety containing ligands could be novel lead-structures that serve as anti-inflammatory agents

2-Methoxy-4-[3-(3-nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol

In the title compound, C16H15N3O4, the pyrazole ring has an envelope conformation, with the C atom substituted by the 2-methoxyphenol ring as the flap. Its mean plane makes dihedral angles of 56.78 (9) and 9.7 (1)° with the 2-methoxyphenol and 3-nitrophenyl rings, respectively. The benzene rings are inclined to one another by 49.37 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R22(16) ring motif. The dimers are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to the ac plane. There are slipped parallel π–π interactions present within the slabs, involving inversion-related 2-methoxyphenol rings [intercentroid distance = 3.729 (1) Å] and inversion-related 3-nitrophenyl rings [intercentroid distance = 3.831 (1) Å]

N′-[(1E)-4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxybenzylidene]isonicotinohydrazide Monohydrate

In the title hydrate, C\sb 14H\sb 13N\sb 3O\sb 3⋅H\sb 2O, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 2.52(9)\circ. Intra\-molecular O—-H⋅sO hydrogen bonds occur. In the crystal, O—-H⋅sO, O—-H⋅sN, N—-H⋅sO and C—-H⋅sO hydrogen bonds link the components into a three-dimensional network. π—π inter\-actions are also observed

N-substituted pyrido-1,4-Oxazin-3-ones induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting NF-κB signaling pathway

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease and ranked fifth in cancer related mortality. Persistent activation of NF-κB is responsible for the oncogenesis, metastasis, tumor evasion, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis and proliferation in HCC. Therefore, designing of chemically novel, biologically potent small molecules that target NF-κB signaling cascade have gained prominent clinical interest. Herein we synthesized a novel class of 4-(substituted)-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one by reacting 2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one with various alkyl halides by using combustion derived bismuth oxide. We evaluated the antiproliferative efficacy of newly synthesized compounds against HCC cells and identified 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one (NPO) as lead anticancer agent. In addition, we investigated the effect of NPO on the DNA binding ability of NF-κB and NF-κB regulated luciferase expression in HCC cells. The results demonstrated that NPO can induce significant growth inhibitory effects in HepG2, HCCLM3 and Huh-7 cells in dose and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, NPO induced significant downregulation in p65 DNA binding ability, p65 phosphorylation and subsequent expression of NF-κB dependent luciferase gene expression in diverse HCC cell lines. Further, in silico docking analysis suggested that NPO can show direct physical interaction with NF-κB. Finally, NPO was found to significantly abrogate tumor growth at a dose of 50 mg/kg in an orthotopic mouse model. Thus, we report the potential anticancer effects of NPO as a novel inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway in HCC. Copyright © 2018 Mohan, Bharathkumar, Dukanya, Rangappa, Shanmugam

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Not AvailableIn this study, the seroprevalence and distribution of Leptospira in dairy cattle in endemic states of India were investigated in association with reproductive problems of the cattle. A total of 373 cattle serum samples from 45 farms in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim and Uttarakhand states were collected from animals with a history of reproductive disorders like abortion, repeat breeding, anoestrus and endometritis, and also from apparently healthy animals. These samples were screened for Leptospira serogroup-specific antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 18 live reference serovar antigens. The seropositivity of 70.51% (263/373, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.75) was associated with reproductive problems (χ2 = 55.71, p 0.10) and age groups of cattle (χ2 = 0.91, p > 0.10). Further, the odds (risk-relation) of reproductive disorders was 5.29 compared to apparently healthy animals (0.25 odds). The frequency distribution of predominant serogroup specific Leptospira antibodies were determined against the serovars: Hardjo (27.76%), Pyrogenes (18.63%), Canicola and Javanica (17.49%), Hebdomadis (17.11%), Shermani and Panama (16.73%), Djasiman (16.35%), Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa and Pomona (15.97%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (15.59%), Copenhageni (14.83%), Australis (13.69%), Kaup and Hurstbridge (10.65%), Bankinang (10.27%) and Bataviae (9.51%). In conclusion, dairy cattle have a role in maintaining important several serovars besides well-known Hardjo serovar in endemic states of India and warrant mitigating measures to reduce the incidence of cattle leptospirosis including need for an intensive surveillance programme, preventive vaccination and control strategies.Not Availabl

Nano-MoO3-mediated synthesis of bioactive thiazolidin-4-ones acting as anti-bacterial agents and their mode-of-action analysis using in silico target prediction, docking and similarity searching

Medicinal Chemistr

Screening of quinoline, 1,3-benzoxazine, and 1,3-oxazine-based small molecules against isolated methionyl-tRNA synthetase and A549 and HCT116 cancer cells including an in silico binding mode analysis

Elevated activity of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) in many cancers renders it a possible drug target in this disease area, as well as in a series of parasitic diseases. In the present work, we report the synthesis and in vitro screening of a library of 1,3-oxazines, benzoxazines and quinoline scaffolds against human MRS. Among the compounds tested, 2-(2-butyl-4-chloro-1-(4-phenoxybenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxa-3-azaspiro5.5undecane (compound 21) and 2-(2-butyl-4-chloro-1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2,4-dihydro-1H-benzod1,3oxazine (compound 8) were found to be potent inhibitors of MRS. Additionally, these compounds significantly suppressed the proliferation of A549 and HCT116 cells with IC50 values of 28.4, 17.7, 41.9, and 19.8 μM respectively. Molecular docking studies suggested that the ligand binding orientation overlaps with the original positions of both methionine and adenosine of MRS. This suggests the binding of compound 21 against MRS, which might lead the inhibitory activity towards cancer cells. © The Royal Society of Chemistry