Thermodynamic topological analysis of extractive distillation of maximum boiling azeotropes

This paper provides a feasibility study of azeotropic mixture separation based on a topological analysis combining thermodynamic knowledge of residue curve maps, univolatility and unidistribution curves, and extractive profiles. Thermodynamic topological features related to process operations for typical ternary diagram classes 1.0-2 are, for the first time, discussed. Separating acetone/chloroform is presented as an illustrative example; different entrainers are investigated: several heavy ones, a light one, and water, covering the Serafimov classes 1.0-2, 1.0-1a and 3.1-4, respectively. The general feasibility criterion that was previously established for ternary mixtures including only one azeotrope (1.0-1a or 1.0-2) is now, for the first time, extended to that including three azeotropes (class 3.1–4)

A review of ternary azeotropic mixtures advanced separation strategies

In most multi-component systems, the predominant non-ideality occurs which lead to the occurrence of an azeotrope. The ternary systems classification and study are summarized in first part of this review. The next part covers thermodynamic knowledge of residue curve maps, univolatility and unidistribution curves. A feasibility criterion based on thermodynamic properties of ternary diagram is presented, they are considered as powerful tool for the flow-sheet development and conceptual design. Separation of azeotropic mixtures and close boiling mixtures require non-conventional distillation processes, among which the leading processes are pressure-swing distillation if the composition of the azeotrope changes significantly with pressure, azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, reactive distillation, and salt-effect distillation. The final section provides an overview of concepts, history, and recent strategies in these non-conventional distillation

Parametric analysis of a sensible heat storage unit in an indirect solar dryer using computational fluid dynamics

International audienc

Oncological Applications of Positron Emission Tomography with Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose

Positron emission tomography (PET) is now primarily used in oncological indication owing to the successful application of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in an increasing number of clinical indications at different stages of diagnosis, and for staging and follow-up. This review first considers the biological characteristics of FDG and then discusses methodological considerations regarding its use. Clinical indications are considered, and the results achieved in respect of various organs and tumour types are reviewed in depth. The review concludes with a brief consideration of the ways in which clinical PET might be improved