Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Engineering Test Facility (ETF) 200 MWe power plant. Design Requirements Document (DRD)

A description and the design requirements for the 200 MWe (nominal) net output MHD Engineering Test Facility (ETF) Conceptual Design, are presented. Performance requirements for the plant are identified and process conditions are indicated at interface stations between the major systems comprising the plant. Also included are the description, functions, interfaces and requirements for each of these major systems. The lastest information (1980-1981) from the MHD technology program are integrated with elements of a conventional steam electric power generating plant

Conceptual design of the MHD Engineering Test Facility

The reference conceptual design of the MHD engineering test facility, a prototype 200 MWe coal-fired electric generating plant designed to demonstrate the commerical feasibility of open cycle MHD is summarized. Main elements of the design are identified and explained, and the rationale behind them is reviewed. Major systems and plant facilities are listed and discussed. Construction cost and schedule estimates are included and the engineering issues that should be reexamined are identified

Interplay of superexchange and orbital degeneracy in Cr-doped LaMnO3

We report on structural, magnetic and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) investigations in the manganite system LaMn_{1-x}Cr_{x}O_{3} (x<=0.5). Upon Cr-doping we observe a reduction of the Jahn-Teller distortion yielding less distorted orthorhombic structures. A transition from the Jahn-Teller distorted O' to the pseudocubic O phase occurs between 0.3<x<0.4. A clear connection between this transition and the doping dependence of the magnetic and ESR properties has been observed. The effective moments determined by ESR seem reduced with respect to the spin-only value of both Mn^{3+} and Cr^{3+} ions

Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub

Background AU Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause :significant hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. Its continued burden and the impact of annually reformulated vaccines remain unclear. Here, we present projections of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in the United States for the next 2 years under 2 plausible assumptions about immune escape (20% per year and 50% per year) and 3 possible CDC recommendations for the use of annually reformulated vaccines (no recommendation, vaccination for those aged 65 years and over, vaccination for all eligible age groups based on FDA approval). Methods and findings The COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub solicited projections of COVID-19 hospitalization and deaths between April 15, 2023 and April 15, 2025 under 6 scenarios representing the intersection of considered levels of immune escape and vaccination. Annually reformulated vaccines are assumed to be 65% effective against symptomatic infection with strains circulating on June 15 of each year and to become available on September 1. Age- and state-specific coverage in recommended groups was assumed to match that seen for the first (fall 2021) COVID-19 booster. State and national projections from 8 modeling teams were ensembled to produce projections for each scenario and expected reductions in disease outcomes due to vaccination over the projection period. From April 15, 2023 to April 15, 2025, COVID-19 is projected to cause annual epidemics peaking November to January. In the most pessimistic scenario (high immune escape, no vaccination recommendation), we project 2.1 million (90% projection interval (PI) [1,438,000, 4,270,000]) hospitalizations and 209,000 (90% PI [139,000, 461,000]) deaths, exceeding pre-pandemic mortality of influenza and pneumonia. In high immune escape scenarios, vaccination of those aged 65+ results in 230,000 (95% confidence interval (CI) [104,000, 355,000]) fewer hospitalizations and 33,000 (95% CI [12,000, 54,000]) fewer deaths, while vaccination of all eligible individuals results in 431,000 (95% CI: 264,000–598,000) fewer hospitalizations and 49,000 (95% CI [29,000, 69,000]) fewer deaths. Conclusions COVID-19 is projected to be a significant public health threat over the coming 2 years. Broad vaccination has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of this disease, saving tens of thousands of lives each year

Evaluation of the US COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub for informing pandemic response under uncertainty

Our ability to forecast epidemics far into the future is constrained by the many complexities of disease systems. Realistic longer-term projections may, however, be possible under well-defined scenarios that specify the future state of critical epidemic drivers. Since December 2020, the U.S. COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub (SMH) has convened multiple modeling teams to make months ahead projections of SARS-CoV-2 burden, totaling nearly 1.8 million national and state-level projections. Here, we find SMH performance varied widely as a function of both scenario validity and model calibration. We show scenarios remained close to reality for 22 weeks on average before the arrival of unanticipated SARS-CoV-2 variants invalidated key assumptions. An ensemble of participating models that preserved variation between models (using the linear opinion pool method) was consistently more reliable than any single model in periods of valid scenario assumptions, while projection interval coverage was near target levels. SMH projections were used to guide pandemic response, illustrating the value of collaborative hubs for longer-term scenario projections

A neutron diffraction study of the magnetic structure for the perovskite-type mixed oxides lanthanum(manganese,chromium) trioxide and (lanthanum,strontium) iron oxide

85 leaves ill.Printing process for illustrations in original document: Ozalid proces

Supplementary Material for: Theorie-Praxis-Netzwerke in verhaltenstherapeutischer Ausbildung: Schulung, Selbsterfahrung und Einsatz in der Therapie am Beispiel von Achtsamkeit

<div>Hintergrund: Die Bausteine der theoretischen und praktischen verhaltenstherapeutischen Ausbildung finden selten direkt aufeinander bezogen statt. Die stärkere Vernetzung von Schulung, Übungsintervall und Einsatz in der Therapie von relevanten therapeutischen Interventionen ist wünschenswert. Am Beispiel einer Untersuchung von Achtsamkeitsinterventionen wurde im </div><div>vorliegenden Manuskript der Versuch unternommen, dieses Thema zu adressieren. Methodik: 27 Ausbildungstherapeuten führten Achtsamkeits-Workshops mit Selbsterfahrungsintervallen durch. Darauf aufbauend wurden bei 36 Patienten standardisierte sitzungseinleitende Übungen mit Achtsamkeitselementen direkt in die Ausbildungstherapien integriert. Das Programm wurde auf Akzeptanz, Durchführbarkeit und Effektivität überprüft. Die Symptomreduktion (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)) von Probatorik zur 15. Therapiesitzung wurde varianzanalytisch mit Patienten der Routineversorgung als Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Ergebnisse: In qualitativen Interviews zeigten sich positive Achtsamkeitserfahrungen. Generell waren Akzeptanz und Durchführbarkeit des Theorie-Praxis-Netzwerks hoch. Laut Aussagen der Ausbildungstherapeuten wurden hier sinnvolle Schnittstellen zwischen theoretischer und praktischer Ausbildung realisiert. Bezüglich der Symptomreduktion zeigten sich für Patienten der Achtsamkeitsgruppe und Routineversorgung ähnliche Effektstärken, hier bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Schlussfolgerung: Die Kombination aus Achtsamkeits-Work-shops und darauf aufbauenden sitzungseinleitenden Übungen wurde als sinnvoll erlebt, zeigte allerdings keine stärkeren klinischen Effekte als die Routineversorgung. Zukünftige Forschung sollte Theorie-Praxis-Netzwerke in anderen Bereichen (z.B. Progressive Muskelrelaxation, Compassion) untersuchen. Zusätzlich zu positiven Durchführbarkeits- und Akzeptanzbefunden könnten dort auch klinisch relevante Effekte identifizierbar sein.</div

HJV gene mutations in European patients with juvenile hemochromatosis

A large variety of mutations within the genes encoding hepcidin (HAMP) and hemojuvelin (HJV) have been identified in patients with the severe iron overload disorder juvenile hemochromatosis (JH). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the molecular background of JH in patients from central parts of Europe. Sequence analyses of HAMP and HJV were performed in seven JH patients from six families from Germany, Slovakia, and Croatia. For detection of the G320V mutation in HJV, a rapid polymerase chain reaction-based assay was developed. No mutations were found within the HAMP gene. Six of seven (86%) JH patients carried at least one copy of the G320V mutation within the HJV gene. Four of these patients were homozygous for the G320V mutation. In addition, two novel HJV mutations were identified (C119F and S328fsX337). Taken together, the present study demonstrates that molecular analysis of the HJV gene is a powerful tool for an early and reliable diagnosis of JH. As in affected patients from Greece, the G320V mutation seems to be widely distributed among JH patients from central parts of Europe. Therefore, detection of the G320V mutation could identify the majority of JH cases from these regions non-invasively