Evaluation the Performance Efficiency of Manufactured, Modified and Assembled Combine Implement and Studying It’s Impact on Some Soil Physical Properties and Total Costs

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency performance of the combine implement which manufactured and assembled locally and studying it\u27s effect on some soil physical properties and total costs in one of the Agricultural College University of Baghdad Experimental Fields in loamy soil, 2017. Brazilian Massy Ferguson Tractor (MF-650) was used with the combine implement as a machinery unit. Three machinery unit speeds included 3.15, 4.60 and 6.10 km/h and seedling treatments included manufactured combine implement, seedling and fertilizer implement and manual seedling were used in this experiment. Soil bulk density, soil moisture content, amount of added water and total costs were measured. Nested design under randomized complete block design with three replications was used in this experiment. Least significant differences (LSD = 0.05) level under 0.05 probability was used to compare treatment means. The results can be summarized as following: 1. Incrased machinery unit speeds from 3.15 to 4.60 km.h-1 led to significant increase in soil bulk density from 1.30 to 1.36 Mg.mˉ³and significant increase in soil moisture content from 0.18 to 0.20 %. 2. Manufactured combine implement treatment was superior in getting less soil bulk density stood 1.22 Mg.mˉ³ higher soil moisture content stood 0.22%.and less amount of added water during the season stood 1103.43 mm. and less costs stood 796370 Iraqi Dinars. 3. The interaction between 3.15 km.h-1machinery speed and manufactured combine implement got less soil bulk density stood 1.19 Mg.mˉ³, while the interference between 6.1 km.h-1 machinery unit speed and manufactured equipment was superior in obtaining a higher moisture content stood 0.229%. 4. Using the locally manufacturing modified combine implement for primary and secondary tillage, shallow furrow opener, seedling and fertilization in one time was successfully done in this study with high performance efficiency

Frequency of HLA Antigens in a Sample of Iraqi Brucellosis Patients

Fifty one patients with serologically confirmed brucellosis and 70 healthy controls were phenotyped for HLA-A, -B, -DR and -DQ antigens by using standard microlympho-cytotoxicity method, and lymphocytes defined by their CD markers (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19). The results revealed a significant (Pc = 0.001) increased frequency of HLA-DR8 (41.18 vs. 10.0%) in the patients . A significant increased percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was also increased in the patients (25.15 vs. 22.0%; P = 0.006), while CD3+ lymphocytes were significantly decreased (75.1 vs. 79.4%; P = 0.02)

Cartografiado de áreas arenosas y sus cambios mediante teledetección. Caso de estudio en el noreste de la provincia de Al-Muthanna, sur de Irak

[EN] Sandy areas are the main problem in regions of arid and semi-arid climate in the world that threaten urban life, buildings, agricultural, and even human health. Remote sensing is one of the technologies that can be used as an effective tool in dynamic features study of sandy areas and sand accumulations. In this study, two new indices were developed to separate the sandy areas from the non-sandy areas. The first one is called the Normalized Differential Sandy Areas Index (NDSAI) that has been based on the assumption that the sandy area has the lowest water content (moisture) than the other land cover classes. The second other is called the Sandy Areas Surface Temperature index (SASTI) which was built on the assumption that the surface temperature of sandy soil is the highest. The results of proposed indices have been compared with two indices that were previously proposed by other researchers, namely the Normalized Differential Sand Dune Index NDSI and the Eolain Mapping Index (EMI). The accuracy assessment of the sandy indices showed that the NDSAI provides very good performance with an overall accuracy of 89 %. The SASTI can isolate many sandy and non-sandy pixels with an overall accuracy about 86 %. The performance of the NDSI is low with an overall accuracy about 82 %. It fails to classify or isolate the vegetation area from the sandy area and might have better performance in desert environments. The performing of NDSAI that is calculated with the SWIR1 band of the Landsat satellite is better than the performing of NDSI that is calculated with the SWIR2 band of the same satellite. EMI performance is less robust than other methods as it is not useful for extracting sandy surfaces in area with different land covers. Change detection techniques were used by comparing the areas of the sandy lands for the periods from 1987 to 2017. The results showed an increase in sandy areas over four decades. The percentage of this increase was about 20 % to 30 % during 2002 and 2017 compared to 1987.[ES] Las áreas arenosas son el principal problema en las regiones de clima árido y semiárido del mundo que amenazan la vida urbana, los edificios, la agricultura e incluso la salud humana. La teledetección es una de las tecnologías que puede utilizarse como una herramienta eficaz en el estudio de características dinámicas de áreas arenosas y acumulaciones de arena. En este estudio, se desarrollaron dos nuevos índices para separar las áreas arenosas de las áreas no arenosas. El primero llamado Índice de áreas arenosas diferenciales normalizadas (NDSAI), que se ha basado en el supuesto de que el área arenosa tiene el contenido de agua (humedad) más bajo que las otras clases de cobertura del suelo. El segundo llamado índice de temperatura superficial de las áreas arenosas (SASTI), que se basa en el supuesto de que la temperatura superficial del suelo arenoso es la más alta. Estos nuevos índices se han comparado con dos índices propuestos previamente por otros investigadores, a saber, el Índice de dunas de arena diferencial normalizado NDSI y el Eolain Mapping Index (EMI). La evaluación de la precisión de los índices arenosos mostró que el índice NDSAI proporciona un buen desempeño con una precisión general del 89 %. El índice SASTI puede extraer muchos píxeles arenosos y no arenosos con una precisión general del 86 %. El rendimiento del índice NDSI es pobre, con una precisión general del 82 %, no puede clasificar o aislar el área de vegetación del área arenosa y tal vez funcione mejor en entornos desérticos. El índice NDSAI calculado con la banda SWIR1 del satélite Landsat generó resultados más precisos que el NDSI calculado con la banda SWIR2 del mismo satélite. El índice EMI utilizado fue menos robusto que los otros métodos ya que no ha logrado extraer áreas arenosas con una precisión aceptable en áreas con diversas coberturas terrestres. Se utilizaron técnicas de detección de cambios para analizar las áreas de las tierras arenosas para los períodos de 1987 a 2017. Los resultados marcaron un aumento en las áreas arenosas durante cuatro décadas. El porcentaje de este aumento fue de aproximadamente 20 % a 30 % durante 2002 y 2017 en comparación con 1987.Sahar, AA.; Rasheed, MJ.; Uaid, DAA.; Jasim, AA. (2021). Mapping Sandy Areas and their changes using remote sensing. A Case Study at North-East Al-Muthanna Province, South of Iraq. Revista de Teledetección. 0(58):39-52. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2021.13622OJS3952058Abbas, A. 2010. Desertification Study of Dalmaj Lake Area in Mesopotamian Plain by Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Baghdad University.Abdul-Ameer, E.A. 2012. 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Improvement of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Natural Organic Soil

The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible improvement of unconfined compressive strength of natural organic soil by using cement dust and fly ash. Natural organic soil with different percentage of organic content (0, 5, 10.15 and 20 %) is used. Three different percentages of cement dust and fly ash (3, 6 and 9 %) are used to improve the strength characteristics of the organic soil. The effect of curing time is investigates. The result show that unconfined compressive strength of organic soil decreased with increasing the organic content. The addition of cement dust increased the unconfined compressive strength for all percentage of organic content, while the addition of fly ash improved the strength characteristics of organic soil for samples with organic content greater than 10 %. Keywords: organic content, unconfined compressive strength, cement dust, fly ash

ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF DOXYCYCLINE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING GRAPHENE OXIDE/HYDROGEL COMPOSITE

Objective: Preparation of novel, safe, and low-cost composite by addition of graphene oxide (GO) to polyvinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid composite (PVP-AAc) to remove the doxycycline hydrochloride (D) from polluted aquatic environment. Methods: Different concentrations of D were used to study the adsorption process of the antibiotic on the surface of GO/(PVP-AAc) hydrogel composite. The aquatic solution of D was used for studying the adsorption process through a series of different experiments to determine the contact time, adsorbate amount, appropriate temperature, the preferred pH, ionic strength, adsorption kinetics and isotherms on the adsorbent surface of GO/PVP-AAc composite. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to detect the structure, functional groups and surface morphology of the composite before and after D adsorption. Results: Doxycycline is adsorb on the surface of GO/PVP-AAc hydrogel composite through by physical interactions. The adsorption kinetics correlated to the pseudo-second-order model, contact time studies of D equal to 180 min and the high R2 value of 0.98 indicates that Langmuir isotherm model better fitted to the data for the removal of D at 15 °C. The results of thermodynamic parameters show that the nature of the adsorption process is physical, exothermic, orderly and spontaneous. The adsorption capacity of D favors the acidic media. When NaCl is added to the solution, the adsorption capacity of D will increase. Conclusion: Graphene oxide/PVP-AAc composite is a novel, worthy and efficient adsorbent for the removal of the doxycycline polluted the water because of its low cost, hydrophilic properties, large surface area and special structure that give impressive dispersible activity in aquatic solutions

Material Selection for Competition–A Case Study for Air Coolers

 تعتبر المنافسة من اهم التحديات التي تواجه تسويق المنتجات الصناعية في الوقت الحاضر. في هذا البحث تمت دراسة تأثير عامل اختيار المواد لمنتج صناعي (شباك مبردات الهواء) باعتماد معايير مقاومة التأكل، التوصيل الحراري، مقاومة المواد، الوزن، الشكل، الكلفة واسلوب التصنيع. تم التطبيق على شباك مبردة الهواء بموجب المواصفات الفنية المعتمدة في شركة الهلال واعتمدت الاختبارات ثلاث نماذج من كل من سبيكة الالمنيوم 3003 والحديد المغلون والبولي بروبلين باسماك واوضاع مختلفة. باعتماد المواصفات الهندسية لكل مادة تم حساب ال Merit Index وكذلك تم اجراء اختبارات مقاومة التآكل اضافة الى اعتماد برنامج  ANSYSلحساب معدلات التشوه والاجهادات القصوى لكل عينة. تمت مقارنة النتائج للوصول الى الخيار الانسب من بين الخيارات التي اعتمدت وبينت النتائج ان سبيكة الالمنيوم 3003 هي الاختيار الامثل باعتماد معيارين في حين ان البولي بروبلين كان الخيار الانسب بمقارنة ثلاث معايير، اما الحديد المغلون فكان افضل الخيارات في معيار واحد فقط، المعايير الاخرى كانت متماثلة في اختيار المادة البديلة المعتمدة في تصنيع شباك مبردة الهواء.Competition is one of the most important challenges that is facing the marketing of industrial products in today's markets. In this research study of the impact of material selection factor for air coolers of different materials is applied. Investigation on the air cooler windows which are part of the body of air coolers is conducted. Corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, strength of material, weight, shape, cost and manufacturing process are the factors that are applied and calculated on three types of materials Aluminum, Galvanized steel and polypropylene. The physical properties of the three mentioned materials are used to calculate Merit Index .The corrosion average, according to Tafel Method depending the corrosion current and adopting contactors for the anodic and cathodic metals behaviors is performed. ANSYS is adopted using the three samples for the selected materials Aluminum, Galvanized steel and polypropylene to measure maximum stress and deflection are measured. Accordingly, the results are compared to choose the best alternative. It is observed that the polypropylene is the best choice depending three factors while the aluminum material is better depending two factors and the galvanized steel is regarded as the best in only one factor, the rest factors are identical when choosing  an alternative material for manufacturing the air cooler windows

Microscopic and molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in female camel from Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq

This study identified the etiological pathogens responsible or protozoal-like disease conditions in female camels from Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. For this reason, 125 female camels (one blood sample per animal) that showed signs of weakness and pale mucus membranes were considered for the study. The samples of stained blood smears were explored microscopically and via a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that the targeted glutamine-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthase (CPSII) gene for identifying Babesia bovis and 18S rRNA gene for detecting B. bigemina. The results of the microscopic technique uncovered the occurrence of Babesia spp. in 76 (60.8%) of the examined samples, which encourage the use of PCR to identify the protozoal species. The PCR findings demonstrated that B. bovis and B. bigemina were detected in 8 (8.9%) and 11 (12.22%), respectively, of the positive microscopic samples. The study findings reveal that weakness and paleness of mucus membranes in camel females can be attributed to the presence of infections by blood protozoa, mainly Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina

Impact of Nuts Consumption on Blood Pressure, Glycemic Status, Lipid Profile and Total Protein in Healthy Human Volunteers

To investigate the advantage of consumption of a mixture of almond and pistachio on blood pressure, lipid profile, sugar and protein levels in healthy volunteers. Subjects and Methods:This dietary intervention study was carried out during the period from February to March 2013. A total of 48 apparently healthy males students from Military Academy / Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq participated in this study. All the students were living in a controlled environment. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for the determination of serum glucose, lipid profile, total protein, albumin and globulin. Parameters were obtained at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks after daily consumption of 50gm of almond and pistachio mixture. Results: The results of the current study demonstrated that daily consumption of 50 gs of almond and pistachio mixture for 3-6 weeks significantly ( P<0.05 – 0.001) decreased the diastolic blood pressure and the level of blood glucose , whereas body mass index (BMI) was not influenced at all. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels were significantly increased (P<0.05-0.005). Finally, Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-ch), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( VLDL-ch), TC/HDL and LDL/HDL were significantly decreased (P<0.05-0.005) after 6 weeks of nuts consumption, where as high density lipoprotein- cholesterol, was significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: This dietary intervention trial, demonstrated that almonds and pistachio mixture improved blood glucose , total protein, and lipid profile to much better levels than that obtained previously using each one separately in healthy volunteers

Forced vital capacity (FVC), peaked expiratory flow rate (PEFR), are additional parameters in the assessment of the reversibility test.

Background: Spirometry is an important test performed in patients expect to have airway obstruction, assessment of intense reaction to inhalers (the trial of reversibility of airway blockade) is a normally utilized technique in clinical and academic studies. The consequences of this test are utilized to make choices on treatment, consideration, exclusion from diagnosis and other research think about, and for analytic marking [asthma versus chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD)]. Usually, the (FEV1) or (FVC) standards before and after giving of the bronchodilator are compared and the adjustment is processed to distinguish variations from the norm in lung volumes and air flow. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of FVC and PEFR as further constraints to evaluate bronchodilator reaction in asthmatic peoples with severe or moderate airflow blockade. Patients and methods: This study is cross sectional study performed in Baghdad teaching hospital where one hundred patient were enrolled in this study patients were detected with asthma and confirm airway blockade according to (GINA) guide lines. The pulmonary function for all members was investigated with a convenient spirometer (spiro-lab3 Spirometer) as stated by those measures from claiming American thoracic particular social order, The mean and standard deviation results of the predicted% values pulmonary function test were also used for comparisons were measured by t-test. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 considered to be significant statistically. Results: The post bronchodilator (post –BD) results of FVC, PEFR are greater than pre- bronchodilator where are statistically significant P value = 0.00. the amount of the changes of FVC post (BD) was more than 400ml from pre (BD) and the amount of the changes of PEFR post (BD) more than 1000ml from the pre (BD) both were p-value = 0.00. Conclusion: The asthmatic patients with moderate and severe airway obstruction, we observed that FVC and PEFR is a valuable important limit to FEV1 to evaluate reversibility reaction Keyword: forced vital capacity(FVC), peaked expiratory flow rate (PEFR), spirometry and forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1)