Bioindicator Organisms Available to Use For Determination of Radioactive Elements in Turkey’S Seas

DergiPark: 246262trakyafbdRadyoaktivite konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi ve izlenmesinde canlı ve cansız çevre örnekleri önemli yer tutmaktadır. Bu nedenle, doğal ve yapay radyonüklüidler sedimentte yoğun olarak çalışılmaktadır. Denizel ekosistemde yaşayan biyoindikatör canlılar; çevre kirliliği, doğal ve yapay radyoaktif elementlerin tayini gibi araştırmalarda değerlendirilmektedir. Türkiye denizleri tür çeşitliliği açısından zengindir. Radyoaktivite konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi ve izlenmesinde bazı türlerin yoğun olarak kullanıldığı dikkati çekmekte, buna karşın çoğu türün ise henüz çalışılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, denizlerde yaşayan ve besin zincirinde önemli rol oynayan biyoindikatör organizmalar hakkında bilgi vermek ve bu tip çalışmalarda kullanılan organizmaların sayısının arttırılması amaçlanmıştır.In determination of radioactive concentration and monitoring alive and lifeless environmental samples possess a significant place. Thus, intense study is carried out related to natural and artificial radionuclider sediment. Bioindicator living organisms inhabiting in sea ecosystems; are being evaluated in researches such as determinations of environmental pollution, natural and artificial radioactive elements. Turkey’s seas are rich related to diversification of various types. In determining and monitoring radioactivity concentration widespread implementation of some sorts appeal attention and on the other hand inadequate usage of many types is observed. In the present study, providing information about the bioindicator organisms keep living in seas and plays important role in food supply chain and increasing the numbers of the types of organisms used are aimed

Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single Center Resume Overlooking Four Decades of Experience

Background. This is a single center oncological resume overlooking four decades of experience with liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. All 319 LT for HCC that were performed between 1975 and 2011 were included. Predictors for HCC recurrence (HCCR) and survival were identified by Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Log Rank, and χ2-tests where appropriate. Results. HCCR was the single strongest hazard for survival (exp⁡B=10.156). Hazards for HCCR were tumor staging beyond the histologic MILAN (exp⁡B=3.645), bilateral tumor spreading (exp⁡B=14.505), tumor grading beyond G2 (exp⁡B=8.668), and vascular infiltration of small or large vessels (exp⁡B=11.612, exp⁡B=18.324, resp.). Grading beyond G2 (exp⁡B=10.498) as well as small and large vascular infiltrations (exp⁡B=13.337, exp⁡B=16.737, resp.) was associated with higher hazard ratios for long-term survival as compared to liver transplantation beyond histological MILAN (exp⁡B=4.533). Tumor dedifferentiation significantly correlated with vascular infiltration (χ2p=0.006) and intrahepatic tumor spreading (χ2p=0.016). Conclusion. LT enables survival from HCC. HCC dedifferentiation is associated with vascular infiltration and intrahepatic tumor spreading and is a strong hazard for HCCR and survival. Pretransplant tumor staging should include grading by biopsy, because grading is a reliable and easily accessible predictor of HCCR and survival. Detection of dedifferentiation should speed up the allocation process

TRAIL promotes the polarization of human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype and is associated with increased survival in cancer patients with high tumor macrophage content

BackgroundTNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that can either induce cell death or activate survival pathways after binding to death receptors (DRs) DR4 or DR5. TRAIL is investigated as a therapeutic agent in clinical trials due to its selective toxicity to transformed cells. Macrophages can be polarized into pro-inflammatory/tumor-fighting M1 macrophages or anti-inflammatory/tumor-supportive M2 macrophages and an imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophages can promote diseases. Therefore, identifying modulators that regulate macrophage polarization is important to design effective macrophage-targeted immunotherapies. The impact of TRAIL on macrophage polarization is not known.MethodsPrimary human monocyte-derived macrophages were pre-treated with either TRAIL or with DR4 or DR5-specific ligands and then polarized into M1, M2a, or M2c phenotypes in vitro. The expression of M1 and M2 markers in macrophage subtypes was analyzed by RNA sequencing, qPCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the macrophages against U937 AML tumor targets was assessed by flow cytometry. TCGA datasets were also analyzed to correlate TRAIL with M1/M2 markers, and the overall survival of cancer patients.ResultsTRAIL increased the expression of M1 markers at both mRNA and protein levels while decreasing the expression of M2 markers at the mRNA level in human macrophages. TRAIL also shifted M2 macrophages towards an M1 phenotype. Our data showed that both DR4 and DR5 death receptors play a role in macrophage polarization. Furthermore, TRAIL enhanced the cytotoxicity of macrophages against the AML cancer cells in vitro. Finally, TRAIL expression was positively correlated with increased expression of M1 markers in the tumors from ovarian and sarcoma cancer patients and longer overall survival in cases with high, but not low, tumor macrophage content.ConclusionsTRAIL promotes the polarization of human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype via both DR4 and DR5. Our study defines TRAIL as a new regulator of macrophage polarization and suggests that targeting DRs can enhance the anti-tumorigenic response of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment by increasing M1 polarization

Diagnostic value of combined serum biomarkers for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infection: A multicenter, noninterventional, observational study

Background/Aims: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important cause of chronic hepatitis. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for assessment of fibrosis but this procedure is an invasive procedure. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of non-invasive serum biomarkers, separately and in combinations, on liver fibrosis in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixteen treatment-naive CHC patients were enrolled from 32 locations across Turkey in this open-labelled, non-interventional prospective observational study. FibroTest®, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4), Age-platelet(AP) index and Forns index were measured and compared with Metavir scores got from liver biopsies. Results: Data from 182 patients with baseline liver biopsy were suitable for analysis. One hundred and twenty patients (65.9%) had F0-F1 fibrosis and 62 patients (34.1%) had F2-F4 fibrosis. APRI 0.732 area under the curve(AUC) indicated advanced fibrosis with 69% sensitivity and 77% specificity. FIB-4 0.732 AUC and FibroTest 0.715 AUC indicated advanced fibrosis with 69% and 78.4% sensitivity, and 75% and 71.4% specificity, respectively. The combined use of tests also led to an increase in AUC and specificity. Combinations of FibroTest with APRI and/or FIB-4, and FIB-4 with APRI were optimal for the evaluation of liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Fibrotest, FIB-4, APRI, AP index and Forns index exhibit good diagnostic performance for determining liver fibrosis in CHC patients, and the use of at least two tests together will increase their diagnostic value still further. © Copyright 2018 by The Turkish Society of Gastroenterology

İzmir körfezi Cystoseira türleri ve bunların eşem durumları ile teşkil ettikleri birliklerin kalitatif-kantatif değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışmada İzmir körfezinde bulunan Cystoseira türleri ve bunların eşem durumları ile teşkil ettikleri birliklerin fitososyolojik değerlendirilmeleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar aşağıdaki gibi özetlenebilir. 1- İzmir körfezinde tespit edilen 6 yerleşme yerinde 8 Cystoseira bulunmuştur. 2- Büyüklükleri çok yıllık olmaları ile dikkati çeken Cystoseira'lar kendi başlarına bir biotop teşkil etmektedirler. Bu nedenle türlerin yaşadığı ortamları 3 farklı bölümde incelemiştir. a-Gövede ve dalları üzerinde gelişen epifit algler; Chlorophyta'dan ipliksi, Phaeophyta'dan şeritsi ve Rhodophyta'dan kalkerli birçok algin Cystoseira'ların talluslarının çeşitli kademelerinde epifit yaşadığı görülmüştür. b- Cystoseira gövdeleri altında gelişen gölge seven (sciafil) agler; Udotea petiolata, Halimeda tuna, Rhodimenia ligulata başlıcalarıdır. c-Cystoseria birliklerine komşu bazı alg fasiesleri vardır. Bunların başında Padina pavonia, Enteromorpha, Hypnea musciformis ve deniz çayırları gelmektedir. 3- Cystoseria genusunun 8 spesiesini tayin için üreme organları üzerinde yapılan incelemelerde bariz farklar görülmüştür. 4-Üreme organlarının mikroskopik yapıları incelendi ve 8 türün de monoik olduğu tespit edildi. 5- Kalitatif değerlendirmede Cystoseria birlikleri içerisinde daimi ve mevsimsel değişen toplam olarak 59 tür bulunmuştur. 6- Bölgenin prodüktivitesini tespit çalışmaları kuadrat metozu yardımıyla yapılmıştır. 1 m2 de yaş olarak 8.246 gr C. bartaba, 10.040 gr C. amantacea, 11.920 gr C.crinita, 5.000 gr C. discors, 4.950 gr C. spinosa, 3.590 gr C. abrotonifolia, 2.725 gr C. corniculata, 9.875 gr C. stricta ölçülmüştür

Unsteady aerodynamic modeling methodology based on Dynamic Mode Interpolation (DMI) for transonic flutter calculations

Modern transport aircraft generally fly in the transonic flow regime. This regime is characterized by complex flow phenomena such as moving shock waves, shock-boundary layer interactions and separated flows. These aerodynamic nonlinearities can significantly impact the prediction of the flutter aeroelastic instability, which is of great importance for aircraft safety and performance. This thesis presents a novel unsteady aerodynamic modeling methodology for predicting the transonic flutter of 2D and 3D configurations such as aircraft wings. The main idea of this methodology is to obtain the flow response to small amplitude periodic deformations of a structure over a range of frequencies through the interpolation of few dominant flow modes. These flow modes can be obtained by dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of unsteady Euler or RANS simulations at different oscillation frequencies or by harmonic balance (HB) simulations. This methodology based on dynamic mode interpolation (DMI) can then be used to obtain a generalized aerodynamic force matrix in the frequency domain, and aeroelastic stability analysis can be performed using industry-standard flutter analysis techniques such as the p-k method. The methodology is demonstrated for 2D and 3D benchmark transonic aeroelastic configurations. It highlights that the nonlinear aspects of transonic flows are important for studying the aeroelastic stability of aircraft wings. The methodology is successfully applied to calculate the transonic flutter of a realistic airliner wing and its performance is compared to standard industrial methods. The methodology is more accurate than the panel methods primarily used in the aerospace industry leading to safer wing designs while being faster than the higher fidelity fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations, offering thus a promising technique for solving dynamic aeroelasticity problems

A new technique for the correction of syndactyly of the toes

A new technique is described for the correction of complete syndactyly of the toes. In this technique, a distally-based dorsal metatarsal artery flap is used to cover one side of the released toes. The other side of the toe is covered with a laterally based dorsal toe flap. A case of complete syndactyly between the second toe and and the third toe is presented