Umman dış politikası ve Umman’ın Ortadoğu’da arabulucu ve dengeleyici rolü

Oman, with its geographical location and ancient tradition, is a country that has succeeded in being a balancing factor, despite its distance from the central tensions of the Middle East and its ineffective appearance in regional politics. Especially during the 50-year reign of Sultan Qaboos that began in 1970, Oman was able to establish strategic relations with regional and global actors and adopted an exceptional foreign policy understanding in the Middle East during the Cold War period. After the death of Sultan Qaboos, Haitham bin Tariq took over the rule of the country as the new sultan of Oman. Under the new Sultan’s power, a pragmatic status quo approach has become the main pillar in the country’s foreign relations, as the traditional foreign policy understanding has been built on independence and moderation at a level that matches Oman’s will and capacity. This study presents a perspective on Oman’s foreign policy approach of Haitham bin Tariq, the Sultan of Oman, based on the analysis of traditional foreign policy framework and practices developed during the reign of Sultan Qaboos who was the architect of the country’s international relations. In this regard, this article examines in chronological order the continuities and ruptures of Omani foreign policy, which has been able to pursue effective policies, despite its low profile in the Middle East, by especially the mission it has assumed in the Gulf since Sultan Qaboos assumed power in 1970. The article also discusses the successful policies of Sultan Qaboos to remain moderate under all conditions and preserve the status quo in the Gulf. The study discusses in detail the exceptional case of Oman in the region using process tracingUmman, coğrafi konum ve kadim geleneği ile Orta Doğu’nun merkez gerilimlerinden büyük oranda uzak kalmasına ve bölge siyasetindeki etkisiz görünümüne rağmen bir denge kurmayı ve genellikle denge unsuru olmayı başarmış bir ülkedir. Özellikle 1970’te Sultan Kabus’un 50 yıl sürecek iktidar döneminde önemli açılımlar gerçekleştirerek, bölgesel ve küresel aktörlerle stratejik ilişkiler tesis edebilmiş ve Soğuk Savaş dönemi Orta Doğu’sunda istisnai bir dış politika anlayışı benimsemiştir. Sultan Kabus’un ölümünün ardından ise yerine Heysem bin Tarık gelerek ülkenin yeni yöneticisi oldu. Yeni Sultan’ın yönetimi altında, geleneksel dış politika anlayışı Umman’ın irade ve kapasitesiyle örtüşecek düzeyde bağımsızlık ve ılımlılık üzerine bina edilerek pragmatik bir statükocu yaklaşım ülkenin uluslararası ilişkilerinde ana sütun haline dönüştü. Bu çalışma Umman’ın yeni sultanı Heysem bin Tarık’ın dış politika yaklaşımına dair ülkenin uluslararası ilişkilerinin mimarı Sultan Kabus’un dış politika çerçevesi ve pratiklerine atıfla bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, makale Sultan Kabus’un 1970’te iktidara gelişinden günümüze kadar Umman dış politikasındaki süreklilikleri ve kırılmaları kronolojik bir zeminde ele almakta ve ülkenin Orta Doğu siyasetindeki zayıf görünümüne rağmen nasıl etkin politikalar izleyebildiğini açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Makalede ayrıca Sultan Kabus’un Körfez’deki statükonun korunması ve Umman’ın her koşulda ılımlı bir aktör olarak kalmasında izlediği başarılı siyaset tartışılacaktır. Çalışmada Umman’ın bölgedeki istisnai örnekliği süreç takibi yöntemiyle detaylı bir şekilde incelenecekti

Single Strain Probiotic Bifidobacteria Approach in Health and Non-Health Fields

Single strain probiotic bifidobacteria approach is promising for the future in health and non-health fields. Recent studies show that intestinal lumen microbial content and tissue microbial content are different, so the personalized microbiome approach with the 16S rRNA analysis comes to the fore with the single strain probiotic bifidobacteria (BB-12,Infantis) approach. In addition to their immune modulation effect, they have beneficial effects such as preventing pathogens from binding to the intestinal mucosa via the biofilm layer they produce, and also their electrophysical properties in various atmospheric conditions, They have the ability to be used in non-health areas such as microplastic biodegradition, nanostructures, food and agriculture fields. The availability of single strain probiotic bifidobacteria in health, ecological and food systems are signs that progress in the single strain probiotic bacteria approach will be more accurate

Phosphine Resistance in Turkish Populations of Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

In this study, the status of phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.,1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations collected from Sanliurfa, Adana and Kahramanmara province in Turkey were investigated by conducting the discriminating concentration tests and the concentration-mortality bioassays. Low (0.04 mg/L) and high (0.20 mg/L) discriminating concentration tests indicated that there was phosphine resistance of S. oryzae. The survival rates of field population of S. oryzae in Sanliurfa, Adana and Kahramanmara ranged from 0 to 99%, 0 to 90% and 0 to 89% at the low discriminating concentration while it ranged from 0 to 83%, 0 to 46.5% and 0 to 28.5% at the high discriminating concentration respectively. Based on 50% mortality level (LC50), the Sanliurfa 4, Adana 7 and Kahramanmara 8 populations were 57.5, 28.9, and 16.3 times more resistant, respectively, than the susceptible population (Kahramanmara 4). In conclusion, this study revealed that phosphine resistance in S. oryzae is high in the examined areas of Turkey and some populations have levels of resistance that may pose challenges to the continued use of phosphine for their management

Quality Characteristics of Retailed Sucuk (Turkish Dry-Fermented Sausage)

Fifty sucuks (19 factory sucuks and 31 butcher’s sucuks) were collected from local markets and butchers. Chemical, microbiological and overall sensory qualities of sucuks were investigated. There was a great variation in the concentrations of biogenic amines and levels of residual nitrite in them. Aerobic plate, lactic acid bacteria, and mould and yeast counts of factory sucuks varied from 5.56 to 8.39 log cfu/g, from 4.70 to 6.48 log cfu/g and from 3.15 to 4.68 log cfu/g, respectively. pH values of butcher’s sucuks were higher than those of the factory ones. In general, butcher’s sucuks contained higher amounts of biogenic amines and TBA values than factory sucuks. With respect to their overall sensory quality, about 63.2 % of butcher’s sucuks were found to be in the acceptable range. High quality raw materials and suitable starter culture should be used in the production of sucuk

Realization of a ROIC for 72x4 PV-IR detectors

Silicon Readout Integrated Circuits (ROIC) for HgCdTe Focal Plane Arrays of 1x4 and 72x4 photovoltaic detectors are represented. The analog circuit blocks are completely identical for both, while the digital control circuit is modified to take into account the larger array size. The manufacturing technology is 0.35μm, double poly-Si, three-metal CMOS process. ROIC structure includes four elements TDI functioning with a super sampling rate of 3, bidirectional scanning, dead pixel de-selection, automatic gain adjustment in response to pixel deselection besides programmable four gain setting (up to 2.58pC storage), and programmable integration time. ROIC has four outputs with a dynamic range of 2.8V (from 1.2V to 4V) for an output load of 10pF capacitive in parallel with 1MΩ resistance, and operates at a clock frequency of 5 MHz. The input referred noise is less than 1037 μV with 460 fF integration capacitor, corresponding to 2978 electrons

Cultivation of Local Popcorn Genotypes as a Second Crop in Kahramanmaras Conditions

Popcorn is a snack plant with widespread consumption in our country and around the world. Although the increasing commercialization rate in agriculture with the spread of hybrid varieties has narrowed the production area of local plant species, the production of local pop corn varieties still continue today. Therefore, in this study, 17 local popcorn genotypes and 3 commercial popcorn cultivars were grown as the second crop in Kahramanmaraş climatic conditions. In the study, local popcorn genotypes were determined by plant height, first ear height, first node diameter, ear length, ear diameter, the row number of ear, the number of grain on the ear row, number of ears per plant, and ear tassel-out time, ear silk-out time, grain yield per decare and the relationships between these properties were investigated. According to the results of the research, the plant height of the local popcorn populations was 216 - 166 cm, the height of the first ear 107 -63 cm, the diameter of the first node 22.6 - 16.7 mm, the diameter of the node of ear 16.4 -11.8 mm, ear length 17.267 ndash%253B 12.833 cm, ear diameter 32.513 ndash%253B 26.120 mm, the row number of ear 16.8 -12.26, the number of grain on the ear row 38.86 -26.33, the number of ears per plant 1.8 -12 pieces, ear silk-out time 56 -48 days, the ear tassel-out time 68 -56 days and grain yield per decare 478 -260 kg da-1. In the study, positive correlations were found between first ear height and plant height, ear length and ear diameter, the number of grain on the ear row and ear length, the ear tassel-out time and grain yield per decare, ear silk-out time and first node diameter, ear silk-out time and the ear tassel-out time

Farklılıkla Öğrenme Yaklaşımı ile Uygulanan Temel Hareket Becerileri Eğitiminin İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Dikkat ve Motorik Özelliklerine Etkisi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of differential learning approach on attention and motor skills of elementary school students through basic movement skills education program. Total 20 students aged 9-10 years in the third grade of an elementary school in Beykoz, Istanbul participated in this study. 12 of them were boys (132,75±7,38 cm. of height, 31,50±9,57 kg. of body weight) and eight of them were girls (131,95±6,19 cm., 33,57±8,19 kg. of body weight) The Basic Movement Skills program on the Yellow Cards group of the Physical Activity Cards (PAC) prepared for the “Games and Physical Activities” classes was carried out with perspective of differential learning on the experimental group during 4 course hour for 10 weeks. “Bourdon Attention Test”, “Illinois Agility Test”, 10 and 20 m. Sprint Tests”, “Flamingo Balance Test”, “Standing Long Jump Test (STJ)”, “Sit-up Test” were carried out as a pre-test in the beginning of the study period and as and post-test at the end. The data collected were determined as descriptive statistics and according to the result of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, it was seen that there was a significant statistical difference between the pre-test and post-test points of the Attention (p<0.01), 10 m. sprint (p<0.01), 20 m. sprint (p<0.01) features of the students of the experimental group and that these features were improved for the better and there was a significant statistical difference between the pre-test and post-test points of the according to the data collected, it was evaluated that the Basic Movement Skills practices with differential learning approach can be effective on the attention and speed improvements of 3th grade elementary school students.Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklılıkla öğrenme yaklaşımı ile uygulanan temel hareket becerileri eğitimi programının, ilkokul öğrencilerinin dikkat ve motorik özelliklerinin gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışma grubunu İstanbul Beykoz İlçesindeki bir İlkokulun 3. Sınıf , 9-10 yaş grubundan 12 erkek öğrenci (boy uzunluğu 132,75±7,38 cm., vücut ağırlığı 31,50±9,57 kg.) ve 8 kız öğrenci (boy uzunluğu 131,95±6,19 cm., vücut ağırlığı 33,57±8,19 kg.) olmak üzere toplam 20 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Bu araştırmada çalışma grubuna farklılıkla öğrenme yaklaşımı ile haftada 2 gün ve 4 ders saati olmak üzere 10 hafta süresince "Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler" dersleri için hazırlanmış olan Fiziksel Etkinlik Kartları ndan Sarı Kart grubundaki, Temel Hareket Becerileri alanı olan programı uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada ön test ve son test olarak “Bourdon dikkat testi”, "Çeviklik testi", "10 m. ve 20 m. koşu sürati testleri", "Flamingo denge testi", "Durarak uzun atlama testi ", “Mekik testi” yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler olarak belirlenmiş ve Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar toplamı testi sonucuna göre de deney grubu öğrencilerinin Dikkat (p<0.01), 10 m. koşu (p<0.01), 20 m. koşu (p<0.01) özelliklerinin ön ve son test puanları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark olduğu ve bu özelliklerin olumlu yönde geliştiği saptanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre farklılıkla öğrenme yaklaşımı ile uygulanan temel hareket beceri eğitimi uygulamalarının 3. sınıf ilkokul öğrencilerinin özellikle dikkat ve sürat özelliklerinin gelişimi üzerine etkili olabileceği değerlendirilmiştir

Efficacy of Spinetoram for the Control of Bean Weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Different Surfaces

Simple Summary Contact toxicity of spinetoram on three different surfaces, concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring, against Acanthocelides obtectus (Say.) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Our results provide data on the insecticidal effect of spinetoram for the control of A. obtectus on various surfaces; however, its efficacy varies according to the surface type, exposure time and concentration. In conclusion, our laboratory tests indicated that spinetoram at 0.025 and 0.05 mg active ingredient (AI)/cm(2) achieved satisfactory control at relatively short exposures by contact action of A. obtectus adults on three surfaces, commonly encountered in legume storage facilities and warehouses. In this study, the contact toxicity of spinetoram on three different surfaces, concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring, against Acanthocelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Different concentrations were evaluated ranging from 0.0025 to 0.05 mg AI/cm(2), against adults of A. obtectus. Adult mortality was measured after 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-day exposure. After 1-day exposure, the mortality was low on all surfaces, ranging from 0 to 27.2%. After 5- and 7-day exposure, spinetoram at concentrations of 0.01 mg/cm(2) and above achieved 100% or close mortality on concrete and laminate flooring surface, whereas low concentrations (0.0025, 0.005 and 0.0075 mg AI/cm(2)) resulted in significantly lower mortality levels, ranging from 1.6 to 30.8%, than high concentrations. In the case of ceramic floor tile surface, spinetoram treatments at all tested concentrations did not result in 100% mortality. Significant differences were recorded among the surfaces, depending on concentrations and exposure intervals. After 3-, 5- and 7-day exposure, mortality levels on ceramic floor tile surface were generally higher at low concentrations than those on the concrete and laminate flooring surfaces, whereas those on concrete and laminate flooring surfaces were significantly higher at high concentrations than ceramic floor tile surface. These results indicate that spinetoram at 0.025 and 0.05 mg AI/cm(2) achieve satisfactory control at relatively short exposures on common types of surfaces and thus can be used as an effective insecticide against A. obtectus

Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Prenatal MRI in Predicting Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) and Clinical Outcomes in Cases with Placenta Previa

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in predicting placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and clinical outcomes of patients with placenta previa. METHODS: A total of 56 prenatal placental MRI examinations acquired via 1.5 and 3 Tesla scanners were retrospectively examined by 2 radiologists in consensus. Presence of T2 dark band, thinning of myometrium, abnormal vascularization, uterine bulging, heterogeneous placenta, placental protrusion, placenta recess and percretism findings were evaluated. While pathology and clinical intrapartum findings constituted the reference standard for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), intrapartum/peripartum bleeding over 1000 mL and emergency hysterectomy were regarded as poor clinical outcomes. The values of MRI findings in predicting both PAS and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Age, platelet (PLT) value and gestational age were similar in patients with both groups. Signs of percretism had the best diagnostic test performance in predicting clinical worsening, followed by intraplacental abnormal vascularization and placental recession (respectively 80.6%, 76.4%, 73.6%). The most valuable finding in predicting PAS was percretism sign, placental recess, and myometrial thinning (respectively 85.0%, 81.3%, 79.4%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Percretism and intraplacental abnormal vascularization are highly predictive of a possible poor clinical outcome