Lehren aus Corona

Zusammenfassung Krisen wie die COVID-19-Pandemie sind für die Politik stets Anlass gewesen, festgefahrene Strukturen aufzubrechen und weitreichende Reformen umzusetzen. Pfadabhängigkeiten können in Krisenzeiten unterbrochen werden. Der vorliegende Band beleuchtet die gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Pandemie sowie die langfristigen Herausforderungen und Potenziale, die mit ihr einhergehen, aus wirtschafts- und unternehmensethischer Perspektive. Wie verändert die COVID-19-Krise das Kräfteverhältnis zwischen Staat, Markt und Unternehmen? Welche Pflichten kommen auf Unternehmen während einer Pandemie zu? Inwieweit sind die Bekämpfung der Corona- und der Klima-Krise vereinbar? Welche Rolle kann und soll Wirtschaftsethik in Zeiten der Krise spielen? Mit Beiträgen von Prof. Dr. Michael S. Aßländer; Prof. Dr. Jörg Althammer; Prof. Dr. Martin Büscher; Niklas Dummer, M.A.; Dr. habil. Michael Ehret; Miriam Fink; Prof. Dr. Manfred Fischedick; Prof. Dr. Nils Goldschmidt; Prof. Dr. Hanns-Stephan Haas; PD Dr. Michaela Haase; Prof. Dr. Ludger Heidbrink; Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hemel; Prof. Dr. Lars Hochmann; Ruzana Liburkina, M.A.; Mark McAdam; Prof. em. Dietmar Mieth; Prof. Dr. Dr. Elmar Nass; Dr. Laura Otto; Prof. Dr. Reinhard Pfriem; Prof. Dr. Ingo Pies; Prof. em. Birger Priddat; Frauke Remmers; Dr. Bastian Ronge; Prof. Dr. Hartmut Rosa; Prof. em. Hermann Sautter; Dr. Philipp Schepelmann; Prof. Dr. Dr. Ulrich Schmidt; Prof. Dr. Markus Scholz; Prof. Dr. Andreas Suchanek; Prof. em. Peter Ulrich. Abstract Historically, crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted politicians to break up dead-locked structures and implement far-reaching reforms. Path dependencies can be interrupted in times of crisis. This volume examines the social impact of the current pandemic as well as both the long-term challenges it poses and the potential it offers from the perspective of economic and business ethics. How has the COVID-19 crisis changed the balance of power between the state, markets and business? What are the obligations of companies during a pandemic? To what extent are the fight against the coronavirus crisis and that against the climate crisis compatible? What role can and should business ethics play in times of crisis? With contributions by Prof. Dr. Michael S. Aßländer; Prof. Dr. Jörg Althammer; Prof. Dr. Martin Büscher; Niklas Dummer, M.A.; Dr. habil. Michael Ehret; Miriam Fink; Prof. Dr. Manfred Fischedick; Prof. Dr. Nils Goldschmidt; Prof. Dr. Hanns-Stephan Haas; PD Dr. Michaela Haase; Prof. Dr. Ludger Heidbrink; Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hemel; Prof. Dr. Lars Hochmann; Ruzana Liburkina, M.A.; Mark McAdam; Prof. em. Dietmar Mieth; Prof. Dr. Dr. Elmar Nass; Dr. Laura Otto; Prof. Dr. Reinhard Pfriem; Prof. Dr. Ingo Pies; Prof. em. Birger Priddat; Frauke Remmers; Dr. Bastian Ronge; Prof. Dr. Hartmut Rosa; Prof. em. Hermann Sautter; Dr. Philipp Schepelmann; Prof. Dr. Dr. Ulrich Schmidt; Prof. Dr. Markus Scholz; Prof. Dr. Andreas Suchanek; Prof. em. Peter Ulric

Imaging the Azores-Gibraltar Fracture Zone and the Madeira-Tore Rise intersection with multichannel seismics. The PROPEL cruise (PROPagation of the Eurasia-Africa pLate boundary East of the GLoria Fault)

European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, 7-12 April 2019, Vienna, Austria.-- 1 pageThe E-W trending∼1 600 km long Azores-Gibraltar Fracture Zone (AGFZ) establishes the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary in the Atlantic Ocean. The AGFZ is intersected by the Madeira-Tore Rise (MTR), a N-S trending 1 100 km complex volcanic ridge. MTR magmatism in the Eurasia plate is mainly of Early Cretaceous age while in the Africa plate it varies from Neogene to Present, mainly. At the AGFZ-MTR intersection magmatism is 0.5 My. The tectonic style along the AGFZ varies dramatically across the MTR. West of the MTR the trace of the plate boundary is discrete and defined by the strike slip Gloria Fault, while east of the MTR the plate boundary becomes diffuse, and deformation is partitioned along strike slip and thrust faults. However, instrumental earthquakes from M=7 to M=8.4 have occurred in the last 80 years, not mentioning the historical Lisbon earthquake with estimated magnitude M=8.1 to 8.9. The PROPEL (PROPagation of the Eurasia-Africa pLate boundary East of the GLoria Fault), a multichannel seismics marine campaign funded by EUROFLEETS-2 aimed at imaging for the first time the crustal through shallow mantle structure of the AGFZ across the MTR. It was run on board the R/V OGS Explora, using a 1500 m long streamer with 120 channels, an array of airguns (16.4 L or 8.2 L) and a magnetometer. A total of 722 km along 11 profiles were acquired. Processing of the seismic data allowed imaging the transform plate boundary showing a series of various geological phenomena, such as: i) successive events of transtensional and transpressive tectonics interfering with magmatism, ii) the structure and multiple tectono-magmatic evolution of the MTR, iii) the transition from the Horseshoe and Tagus Abyssal Plains towards the MTR and iiv) large scale landslides (>50 km of length). PROPEL seismic data also allow for better understanding the nature of magnetic anomalies in this region of the Atlantic, as well as a variety of submarine morphological features of both tectonic and oceanographic originsPublication supported by FCT- project UID/GEO/50019/2019 - Instituto Dom Lui

Human DNA polymerase β, but not λ, can bypass a 2-deoxyribonolactone lesion together with proliferating cell nuclear antigen

The C1'-oxidized lesion 2-deoxyribonolactone (L) is induced by free radical attack of DNA. This lesion is mutagenic, inhibits base excision repair, and can lead to strand scission. In double-stranded DNA L is repaired by long-patch base excision repair, but it induces replication fork arrest in a single-strand template. Translesion synthesis requires a specialized DNA polymerase (Pol). In E. coli, Pol V is responsible for bypassing L, whereas in yeast Pol ζ has been shown to be required for efficient bypass. Very little is known about the identity of human Pols capable of bypassing L. For instance, the activity of family X enzymes has never been investigated. We examined the ability of different family X Pols: Pols β, λ, and TdT from human cells and Pol IV from S. cerevisiae to act on DNA containing an isolated 2-deoxyribonolactone, as well as when the lesion comprises the 5'-component of a tandem lesion. We show that Pol β, but not Pol λ, can bypass a single L lesion in the template, and its activity is increased by the auxiliary protein proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), whereas both enzymes were completely blocked by a tandem lesion. Yeast Pol IV was able to bypass the single L and the tandem lesion but with little nucleotide insertion specificity. Finally, L did not affect the polymerization activity of the template-independent enzyme TdT