44 research outputs found
FSM model of a simple photovoltaic system
The paper describes a simulation model of a simple photovoltaic system intended as a tool for testing the use of finite state machines for simulations representing a long-term operation of renewable energy sources. The mathematical model of the photovoltaic system is described first. Then it is used to build a finite state machine model that calculates a power output of the photovoltaic system for changing values of a solar irradiance and a temperature. Data measured on a real photovoltaic installation are used to verify modelĂąâŹâąs accuracy through its comparison with a previously created and verified Matlab model. The finite state machine model presented in this paper was created using Ptolemy II software
Unort Gewerbegebiet? â QualitĂ€tsvolle FreirĂ€ume als Grundlage fĂŒr Arbeitsorte
Freiraume - StraĂen, Wege, PlĂ€tze â kurz alles das, was zwischen den GebĂ€uden ist - sind die Grundlage fĂŒr stĂ€dtisches Leben (vgl. Gehl, J., 2010) â in erster Linie denkt man dabei an fuĂlĂ€ufige Stadtquartiere, Nutzungsvielfalt, öffentliche RĂ€ume als attraktive lebendige Orte der Begegnung. In Wien tauchen Bilder der FreirĂ€ume des ersten Bezirks auf, oder die Lebendigkeit in FreirĂ€umen der GrĂŒnderzeitvierteln.
Allerdings: Der moderne funktionalisierte StÀdtebau mit der Trennung von Wohnen und Arbeiten prÀgt auch Wien (Charta von Athen, 1933). Neben Wohnsiedlungen sind Gewerbegebiete Ausdruck des monofunktionalen StÀdtebaus mit ihren typischen Charakteristika wie der Erzeugung von (meist motorisiertem) Verkehr zwischen den einzelnen Stadtteilen zur BewÀltigung des Alltags (Arbeiten, Einkaufen, Behördenwege, Kinderbetreuung, soziale Kontakte) und wenig einladenden FreirÀumen.
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschĂ€ftigt sich mit der Frage, wie, am Beispiel des Gewerbegebietes Liesing, in monofunktionalen Stadtteilen eine âsmarteâ Stadtentwicklung aus der Perspektive der integrativen Freiraumplanung aussehen kann.
Diesem Beitrag liegt die freiraumplanerische These zu Grunde, dass die FreirĂ€ume die Grundlage der Stadt sind, auch der Gewerbegebiete. FreirĂ€ume im Gewerbegebiet sind gekennzeichnet vom Wirtschaften â auf den Betriebsparzellen wie in den öffentlichen FreirĂ€umen.
Es finden sich FreirĂ€ume fĂŒr Produktion und Lagerung, fĂŒr KundInnen fĂŒr MitarbeiterInnen â FreirĂ€ume werden genutzt beim Hin- und RĂŒckweg zur Arbeit, wĂ€hrend des Arbeitstages fĂŒr Pausen, Besprechungen im Freien. (vgl. Ruland, G., 2012)
Mit der Funktionalisierung des Stadtteils geht eine vermeintliche Funktionalisierung der NutzerInnen und ihrer Alltage einher. Aber der Blick auf den Alltag im Gewerbegebiet zeigt, dass und wie vielfĂ€ltig Lebens- und Wirtschaftsalltage stattfinden: Das Wirtschaften der Betriebe unterliegt zeitlichen und rĂ€umlichen Rhythmen und wird entlang sozialer, ökologischer und ökonomischer KreislĂ€ufe entwickelt. Die MitarbeiterInnen kombinieren an ihrem Arbeitsort die Erwerbsarbeit mit EinkĂ€ufen, mit FreizeitaktivitĂ€ten oder sozialen AktivitĂ€ten. Nicht zuletzt ist das Gewerbegebiet ein (Querungs-)Raum auf den alltĂ€glichen Wegen der BewohnerInnen und NutzerInnen des gesamten sĂŒdlichen Wiener Stadtteils.
Es wĂ€re verschwendetes Potential, ein Gewerbegebiet nur als auf die Nutzung âGewerbeâ beschrĂ€nkt wahrzunehmen. In der bereits gelebten Nutzungsvielfalt steckt Potential, dass es, im Sinne einer Smart City-Entwicklung ausgehend von den Gegebenheiten des jeweiligen Ortes, zu entwickeln gilt.
Der Beitrag diskutiert Projektideen wie auf Ebene der öffentlichen FreirĂ€ume und auf Ebene der betrieblichen FreirĂ€ume durch integrative Freiraumplanung die StandortqualitĂ€t gesichert und verbessert, aber auch den Herausforderungen des Klimawandels begegnet werden kann (vgl. SaarbrĂŒcken, 2012)
N-Octanoyl Dopamine, a Non-Hemodyanic Dopamine Derivative, for Cell Protection during Hypothermic Organ Preservation
BACKGROUND: Although donor dopamine treatment reduces the requirement for post transplantation dialysis in renal transplant recipients, implementation of dopamine in donor management is hampered by its hemodynamic side-effects. Therefore novel dopamine derivatives lacking any hemodynamic actions and yet are more efficacious in protecting tissue from cold preservation injury are warranted. We hypothesized that variation of the molecular structure would yield more efficacious compounds avoid of any hemodynamic effects. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To this end, we assessed protection against cold preservation injury in HUVEC by the attenuation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Modification of dopamine by an alkanoyl group increased cellular uptake and significantly improved efficacy of protection. Further variation revealed that only compounds bearing two hydroxy groups in ortho or para position at the benzene nucleus, i.e. strong reductants, were protective. However, other reducing agents like N-acetyl cysteine and ascorbate, or NADPH oxidase inhibition did not prevent cellular injury following cold storage. Unlike dopamine, a prototypic novel compound caused no hemodynamic side-effects. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, we demonstrate that protection against cold preservation injury by catecholamines is exclusively governed by strong reducing capacity and sufficient lipophilicity. The novel dopamine derivatives might be of clinical relevance in donor pre-conditioning as they are completely devoid of hemodynamic action, their increased cellular uptake would reduce time of treatment and therefore also may have a potential use for non-heart beating donors
S1 Guideline onychomycosis
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails. In Europe, tinea unguium is mainly caused by dermatophytes. The diagnostic workup comprises microscopic examination, culture and/or molecular testing (nail scrapings). Local treatment with antifungal nail polish is recommended for mild or moderate nail infections. In case of moderate to severe onychomycosis, oral treatment is recommended (in the absence of contraindications). Treatment should consist of topical and systemic agents. The aim of this update of the German S1 guideline is to simplify the selection and implementation of appropriate diagnostics and treatment. The guideline was based on current international guidelines and the results of a literature review conducted by the experts of the guideline committee. This multidisciplinary committee consisted of representatives from the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the GermanâSpeaking Mycological Society (DMykG), the Association of German Dermatologists (BVDD), the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM), the German Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Working Group for Pediatric Dermatology (APD) and the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI). The Division of Evidenceâbased Medicine (dEBM) provided methodological assistance. The guideline was approved by the participating medical societies following a comprehensive internal and external review
Insertional Mutation of the Drosophila Nuclear Lamin Dm0 Gene Results in Defective Nuclear Envelopes, Clustering of Nuclear Pore Complexes, and Accumulation of Annulate Lamellae
DNA Damage, Somatic Aneuploidy, and Malignant Sarcoma Susceptibility in Muscular Dystrophies
Albeit genetically highly heterogeneous, muscular dystrophies (MDs) share a convergent pathology leading to muscle wasting accompanied by proliferation of fibrous and fatty tissue, suggesting a common MDâpathomechanism. Here we show that mutations in muscular dystrophy genes (Dmd, Dysf, Capn3, Large) lead to the spontaneous formation of skeletal muscle-derived malignant tumors in mice, presenting as mixed rhabdomyo-, fibro-, and liposarcomas. Primary MDâgene defects and strain background strongly influence sarcoma incidence, latency, localization, and gender prevalence. Combined loss of dystrophin and dysferlin, as well as dystrophin and calpain-3, leads to accelerated tumor formation. Irrespective of the primary gene defects, all MD sarcomas share non-random genomic alterations including frequent losses of tumor suppressors (Cdkn2a, Nf1), amplification of oncogenes (Met, Jun), recurrent duplications of whole chromosomes 8 and 15, and DNA damage. Remarkably, these sarcoma-specific genetic lesions are already regularly present in skeletal muscles in aged MD mice even prior to sarcoma development. Accordingly, we show also that skeletal muscle from human muscular dystrophy patients is affected by gross genomic instability, represented by DNA double-strand breaks and age-related accumulation of aneusomies. These novel aspects of molecular pathologies common to muscular dystrophies and tumor biology will potentially influence the strategies to combat these diseases
Amino-terminal Polypeptides of Vimentin Are Responsible for the Changes in Nuclear Architecture Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Activity in Tissue Culture Cells
Skin Tumors in Childhood
Background:
Dermatologists, paediatricians, and general practitioners are often consulted by worried parents for the evaluation of a cutaneous tumor.
Methods:
Selective literature review.
Results:
Only 1-2% of skin tumors excised in children turn out to be malignant when examined histologically. Warning signs of malignancy include rapid growth, firm consistency, diameter exceeding 3 cm, ulceration, a non-movable mass, and presence in the neonatal period. The more common malignant skin tumors in adults-basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma-are very rare in childhood. Congenital melanocytic nevi and sebaceous nevi bear a lower malignant potential than previously believed; nevertheless, their excision is often indicated. A Spitz nevus can mimic a melanoma both clinically and histologically. Some benign skin tumors of childhood tend to regress spontaneously within a few years but may cause complications at particular locations and when multiple. For infantile hemangiomas requiring systemic treatment because of imminent obstruction or ulceration, propranolol seems to have a far more favorable risk-benefit ratio than corticosteroids.
Conclusion:
Physicians need specialized knowledge in order to decide whether a skin tumor in a child should be excised, non-surgically treated, or further evaluated, or whether it can be safely left untreated because of the likelihood of spontaneous remission