Educación ambiental y sociedad. Saberes locales para el desarrollo y la sustentabilidad

EL LIBRO PERMITE REFLEXIONAR SOBRE LA IMPORTANCIA DE FOMENTAL LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA RESOLVER LA PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTALEL LIBRO PRESENTA DIFERENTES TRABAJOS QUE ESTUDIAN EL TEMA D ELA SUSTENTABILIDAD, ENFATIZANDO LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y LA TRANSDISCIPLINANINGUN

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

The DNA-Binding Protein HU has a Regulatory Role in the Acid Stress Response Mechanism in Helicobacter pylori

Artículo de publicación ISIBackground: Bacterial genomes are compacted by association with histonelike proteins to form a complex known as bacterial chromatin. The histonelike protein HU is capable of binding and bending the DNA molecule, a function related to compaction, protection, and regulation of gene expression. In Helicobacter pylori, HU is the only histone-like protein described so far. Proteomic analysis from our laboratory showed that this protein is overexpressed under acidic stress. Materials and Methods: We used a purified recombinant wild-type protein and two mutant proteins with the amino acid substitutions K3A/S27D and K62R/V63N/P64A to characterize the function of the N-terminal domain and the flexible arm of HU. Results: In vitro assays for DNA protection, bending, and compaction were performed. We also designed a H. pylori hup::cat mutant strain to study the role of HU in the acid stress response. HUwt protein binds DNA and promotes its bending and compaction. Compared with the wild-type protein, both mutant proteins have less affinity for DNA and an impaired bending and compaction ability. By using qRT-PCR, we confirmed overexpression of two genes related to acid stress response (ureA and speA). Such overexpression was abolished in the hup::cat strain, which shows an acid-sensitive phenotype. Conclusions: Altogether, we have shown that HUwt–DNA complex formation is favored under acidic pH and that the complex protects DNA from endonucleolytic cleavage and oxidative stress damage. We also showed that the amino-terminal domain of HU is relevant to DNA–protein complex formation and that the flexible arm of HU is involved in the bending and compaction activities of HU.FONDECYT-Chile 1120126 Universidad de Chile Enlace ENL 11/0

Microdesiccates produced from normal human tears display four distinctive morphological components

Desiccation of human tears on glass surfaces results in fern-like crystalloids. This phenomenon has been associated with tear normality (Tear Ferning Test, TFT) and is used as a diagnostic aid to evaluate patients with Dry-Eye disease. However, TFT is focused on the assessment of only a minor fraction of desiccated tear samples and considers only the relative abundance and density of fern-like crystalloids. The aim of this study was to characterize morphologically entire desiccated micro volumes of tears from healthy donors. Tear samples were collected from 23 healthy young adult volunteers. Tear aliquots (1-3 μL) were allowed to dry on glass surfaces under ambient conditions of temperature (15-25°C) and relative humidity (40-45%). Dry samples were analyzed by dark-field microscopy. Morphometric data were acquired with Image J software. Tear volume was positively correlated with both area and time of desiccation. Morphological features of multiple microdesiccates produced from a single subject displayed striking similarities whereas tear microdesiccates from different healthy subjects displayed consistent differences but shared a common general design. This design may be mostly represented by the occurrence of four distinctive zones, named as zones I, II, III and Transition band. The main features of these zones are described

Role of KCTD5 during Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric epithelial cells

Fondecyt-Chile 115038

Phenolic composition of skins from four Carmenet grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) during ripening

Artículo de publicación ISIPhenolic composition of skins from Vitis vinifera L. cv Carménère (CA), Merlot (M), Cabernet Franc (CF) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grapes during ripening was evaluated by HPLC-DAD and spectrophotometric analysis. At the time of harvest maturity, CS skins showed the highest contents of monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols with respect to other varieties. Likewise, the L*, C* and a* CIElab parameters showed no statistical differences between the four varieties but the H* and b* CIElab parameters exhibited clear differences between the M and CS skins. Alike, the sum of glucoside and cumarilglucoside anthocyanins in CA identified by HPLC-DAD was higher than in CF and CS in some sampling date. Additionally, significant differences in the content of low molecular weight phenolic compounds quantified by HPLC-DAD were observed. Comparatively, the CS skins displayed higher mDP, %EG and aMW values than the rest of the cultivars on the last sampling date. Overall, we conclude that CA, M, CF and CS grape skins present marked differences in phenolic composition during ripening

Dynamics of tear fluid desiccation on a glass surface: a contribution to tear quality assessment

Artículo de publicación ISIBackground: Fern-like crystalloids form when a microvolume of tear is allowed to dry out at ambient conditions on a glass surface. Presence of crystalloids in tear “microdesiccates” is used to evaluate patients with Dry-Eye disease. This study aims to examine morphologically the desiccation process of normal tear fluid and to identify changes associated with accelerated tear evaporation. Tear microdesiccates from healthy (Non-Dry Eye) and Dry Eye subjects were produced at ambient conditions. Microdesiccate formation was monitored continuously by dark-field video microscopy. Additionally, accelerated desiccation of tear samples from healthy subjects was conducted under controlled experimental conditions. Particular morphological domains of tear microdesiccates and their progressive appearance during desiccation were compared. Results: In normal tear microdesiccates, four distinctive morphological domains (zones I, II, III and transition band) were recognized. Stepwise formation of those domains is now described. Experimentally accelerated desiccation resulted in marked changes in some of those zones, particularly involving either disappearance or size reduction of fern-like crystalloids of zones II and III. Tear microdesiccates from Dry Eye subjects may also display those differences and be the expression of a more synchronous formation of microdesiccate domains. Conclusion: Morphological characteristics of tear microdesiccates can provide insights into the relative rate of tear evaporation.This study was partially supported by Grant 1110325 from Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Fondecyt), Chile

Prevalencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori según ensayo de la ureasa en pacientes derivados a la Unidad de Endoscopía del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that infects a significant number of individuals. In Chile about 79% of the population is colonized. Aims: This study evaluate the prevalence of the H. pylori infection in symptomatic outpatients. Materials and Methods: 276 non selected patients were enrolled from Endoscopic Unit of Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. The bacterium was detected by urease test. Results: H. pylori infection was found in 44,9% patients. Infection was higher in younger patients, 53,8% between 21-60 years, and was lower in older patients, 25,6% in older than 60 years. The risk of being H. pylori carrier is twofold higher in persons younger than 60 years as compared to those older than 60 years. Conclusion: The age would be modifier factors for H. pylori infection risk.Financiado por el Proyecto AMAYOR 02/4-2 del D.I.D. Universidad de Chile

Zone i of Tear Microdesiccates Is a Lipid-Containing Structure

Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Purpose: Morphological features of tear microdesiccates on glass surfaces have been associated with tear fluid status. Tear-film lipids play a critical role in the pathophysiology of some ocular surface disorders. Tear microdesiccates display 4 distinctive morphological domains (zones I, II, III, and transition band). In this study, we investigated the lipid location in tear microdesiccates. Methods: Tear from individual healthy eyes (assessed by symptoms, signs, and slit-lamp examination) was collected using absorbing minisponges. One-μL aliquots were allowed to dry under ambient conditions on microscope slides. Tear microdesiccates were examined by various transmitted light microscopy methods. Tear lipids were located both by partition experiments using 2 lipophilic dyes (Oil red O and Nile blue A) mixed with tear fluid under conditions preserving morphological features of microdesiccates and by assessing the effect o