Analysis of inequality in fertility curves fitted by gamma distributions

The aim of this paper is to analyse fertility curves from a novel viewpoint, that of inequality. Through sufficient conditions that can be easily verified, we compare inequality, in the Lorenz and Generalized Lorenz sense, in fertility curves fitted by gamma distributions, thus achieving a useful complementary instrument for demographic analysis. As a practical application, we examine inequality behaviour in the distributions of specific fertility curves in Spain from 1975 to 2009.Peer Reviewe

Poverty measures and poverty orderings

We examine the conditions under which unanimous poverty rankings of income distributions can be obtained for a general class of poverty indices. The "per-capita income gap" and the Shorrocks and Thon poverty measures are particular members of this class. The conditions of dominance are stated in terms of comparisons of the corresponding TIP curves and areas

Análisis del grado de sensibilización del empresario ante el problema del empleo de trabajadores con discapacidad en la provincia de Cádiz

Proponemos en este trabajo un indicador para evaluar el grado de sensibilización del empresario ante el problema de la contratación de trabajadores con discapacidad en la provincia de Cádiz. A partir de los datos obtenidos a través de entrevistas personales a empresarios, llevamos a cabo un análisis de la varianza multifactorial y estudiamos la influencia sobre el indicador de factores como son el sector de actividad de la empresa, la existencia previa de trabajadores con discapacidad y el tamaño de la empresa, así como sus interaccione

On a property of Lorenz curves with monotone elasticity and its application to the study of inequality by using tax data

The Lorenz curve is the most widely used graphical tool for describing and comparing inequality of income distributions. In this paper, we show that the elasticity of this curve is an indicator of the effect, in terms of inequality, of a truncation of the income distribution. As an application, we consider tax returns as equivalent to the truncation from below of a hypothetical income distribution. Then, we replace this hypothetical distribution by the income distribution obtained from a general household survey and use the dual Lorenz curve to anticipate this effect.Peer Reviewe

Orden de Lorenz en la familia de distribuciones gamma triparamétricas = Lorenz ordering of three parameter gamma distributions

El orden de Lorenz es una herramienta adecuada para comparar la desigualdad de dos distribuciones de rentas. En este artículo obtenemos una condición suficiente para que dos distribuciones sean comparables en el orden de Lorenz y aplicamos el resultado para ordenar la familia de distribuciones Gamma triparamétrica

Sustainable approach of high-pressure agave bagasse pretreatment for ethanol production

ABSTRACT: Agave bagasse is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic residues readily available for valorization. The agave bagasse was pretreated by applying high-pressure CO2–H2O mixture at temperatures ranging from 150 to 190 °C for a residence time varying from 10 to 50 min. Subsequently, solid phase obtained from pretreatment was subject to enzymatic hydrolysis at high solid loadings. Under optimal conditions, the process integrating pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 75.8 mol% of the polysaccharides present in the biomass converted into oligo- or monosaccharides, providing 110.5 g/L of reducing sugars. The monosaccharides present in the obtained hydrolysate were successfully fermented into ethanol, demonstrating the feasibility of performing its biological conversion to commercial biofuels or biochemicals. Thereby, the present study has demonstrated the proof of concept of use of more sustainable high-pressure CO2–H2O pretreatment in the context of lignocellulosic residual biomass valorization based on the biochemical sugar platform.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio