Criminal and Noncriminal Psychopathy: The Devil is in the Detail

Brooks, NS ORCiD: 0000-0003-1784-099XPsychopathy is prevalent and problematic in criminal populations, but is also found to be present in noncriminal populations. In 1992, Robert Hare declared that psychopaths may also “be found in the boardroom”, which has since been followed by an interest in the issue of noncriminal, or even successful, psychopathy. In this chapter, the paradox of criminal and noncriminal psychopathy is discussed with specific attention given to the similarities and differences that account for psychopathic personality across contexts. That psychopathy is a condition typified by a constellation of traits and behaviours requires wider research across diverse populations, and thus the streams of research related to criminal and noncriminal psychopathy are presented and the implications of these contrasting streams are explored

Truck drivers' perceptions on wearable devices and health promotion:A qualitative study

Professional truck drivers, as other shift workers, have been identified as a high-risk group for various health conditions including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, sleep apnoea and stress. Mobile health technologies can potentially improve the health and wellbeing of people with a sedentary lifestyle such as truck drivers. Yet, only a few studies on health promotion interventions related to mobile health technologies for truck drivers have been conducted. We aimed to explore professional truck drivers views on health promotion delivered via mobile health technologies such as wearable devices.We conducted a phenomenological qualitative study, consisting of four semi-structured focus groups with 34 full-time professional truck drivers in the UK. The focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic content analysis. We discussed drivers perceptions of their health, lifestyle and work environment, and their past experience and expectations from mobile health technologies.The participants viewed their lifestyle as unhealthy and were aware of possible consequences. They expressed the need and wish to change their lifestyle, yet perceived it as an inherent, unavoidable outcome of their occupation. Current health improvement initiatives were not always aligned with their working conditions. The participants were generally willing to use mobile health technologies such as wearable devices, as a preventive measure to avoid prospect morbidity, particularly cardiovascular diseases. They were ambivalent about privacy and the risk of their employers monitoring their clinical data.Wearable devices may offer new possibilities for improving the health and wellbeing of truck drivers. Drivers were aware of their unhealthy lifestyle. They were interested in changing their lifestyle and health. Drivers raised concerns regarding being continuously monitored by their employer. Health improvement initiatives should be aligned with the unique working conditions of truck drivers. Future research is needed to examine the impact of wearable devices on improving the health and wellbeing of professional drivers

Time-resolved spectral mapping and novel LED-based luminescence imaging in analysis of natural REE-bearing minerals

Time-resolved laser spectroscopy techniques (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy LIBS, Raman and laser-induced luminescence) and LED-based neodymium luminescence imaging method were used in analysis of natural apatite-bearing carbonatite rock samples. The spectral data from the three complementary time-resolved spectroscopy measurements was constructed to distribution maps, which illustrate the spatial elemental and mineralogical composition of the samples. The results yield also comprehensive insight into the grain size and distribution of mineralogical features. Here, the focus was on identification of rare earth element (REE) rich locations, in which these laser spectroscopy methods exhibited excellent performance. Also, a novel LED-excited luminescence imaging approach was developed for direct visualization of neodymium occurrence at a macroscopic scale with results that were consistent with those obtained from time-resolved spectroscopy. This rapid and cost-effective innovation could also easily be designed into field conditions. Our findings demonstrate that time-resolved spectral mapping and LED-based imaging offer a comprehensive view of natural REE-bearing rock samples. Since the REEs are chemically similar, these methods can be readily extended to a wide range of minerals and rock types, enabling rapid analysis of diverse geological materials.peerReviewe

Coping with stalking among university students

The present study examined behavioral coping actions and coping strategies in relation to specifi c contextual factors (e.g., victim-stalker relationship, stalking violence, duration of stalking, and prior victimization) among Finnish university students. Participants completed a stalking survey, also including items concerning coping. Victims of violent stalking threatened the stalker with the use of certain legal actions signifi cantly more compared with victims of nonviolent stalking, but no difference in the actual use of formal help was found. Instead victims of stalking tried to avoid the stalker or turned to friends and family for help. Victim-stalker relationship, stalker violence, and number of stalking episodes had a signifi cant main effect on certain coping strategies (e.g., positive reappraisal, escape- avoidance, and problem-solving), while no interaction effect was found. The findings suggest that knowledge of victim-coping behavior and strategies is crucial for health care and law enforcement professionals when devising appropriate support for victims and developing multidisciplinary approaches. © 2010 Springer Publishing Company