A Ridit Analysis of Formulation and Implementation Success of Strategic Planning for Sports Development Among the Universities of India

Purpose: The study's purpose was to analyze the formulation and implementation success of strategic planning for sports development in India's universities.   Theoretical framework: The researcher considered the "competing values approach (CVA)," the work of organization theorists Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1981, 1983),' to measure organizational effectiveness. The researcher also considered the study of 'David Shilbury & Kathleen A. Moore (2006)' which is based on the "competing values approach (CVA)."   Design/methodology/approach: This study was approached through a post-positivist paradigm with the concurrent design of mixed-method research. The 313 participants, who represented administrators, coaches, and players from India's three central universities, were surveyed using a structured questionnaire and interviewed using a semi-structured format. The three universities were Jamia Millia Islamia, Banaras Hindu University, and Aligarh Muslim University. The study used a multi-stage sampling method. At the onset, the three universities were selected purposively based on uniformity in their organizational structure, ordinances, academic calendar, and establishment age; finally, simple random sampling was utilized to determine the participants randomly from the selected universities. RIDIT analysis was used to analyze the questionnaire data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data.   Findings: The study results revealed a dearth in the formulation of strategic planning and its successful implementation for sports development in the universities of India. Further research is needed to explore university sports in India.   Research,  Practical  &  Social implications: This study suggests that the university sports boards of the universities of India, particularly of the central universities, must recognize and consider the formulation of strategic planning along with its effective implementation procedure for the development of sports, which includes the formulation of the long-term strategic planning with clear and attainable objectives and the viability of how the formulated strategic planning can be resourced. The formulation of strategic planning must include the vision for the future development of sports, along with regular reviews based on its performance. The university sports boards will have to consult the administrators, coaches, experts, and their players to effectively formulate strategic planning with its successful implementation criterion. Well-organized strategic planning with a practical implementation criterion is the need of the hour to develop sports in Indian universities.   Originality/value: This is to certify, that the research paper submitted by us is an outcome of our independent and original work. We have duly acknowledged all the sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. The article is free from plagiarism and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication

Sixth cervical vertebra with bilateral double foramen transversarium and non-bifid spine: a rare case

Anatomical knowledge of variations is of utmost clinical importance to all of us as they may be one of the reasons as etiological as well as of surgical importance. Vertebral region also presents many variations. Foramen transversarium are typical feature of cervical vertebrae and give way to neurovascular bundle, like vertebral artery, vertebral veins and sympathetic plexus around them throughout. Foramen transversarium and spine or spinous process of cervical vertebrae are important to all of medical specialists as well as for surgeons specially the surgeons dealing with head & neck surgeries. Knowledge of anatomical/surgical variations is very important for neurosurgeons and radiologists for reporting and planning for surgeries as this type of variation if ignored may be a cause for fatal or undesirable outcome of the surgical procedure or may lead to a different planning/approach at the time or during the surgical procedure. In the present case we observed very uncommon finding of bilateral double foramen transversarium as well as a nonbifid spinous process in sixth cervical vertebra which is extremely rare. Right and left both main foramen transversarium were bilateral symmetrical and rounded in shape. Right accessory foramen transversarium was complete while left was incomplete. Finding of present study is important in neurosurgery for posterior approaches of the cervical vertebrae and also useful for radiological studies to avoid erroneous counting of cervical spines in clinical observations as surface landmark

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Varanasi

Hypertension is a major public health problem and important area of research due to its high prevalence and being major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications. Objectives. (1) To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors and (2) to estimate awareness, treatment, and adequacy of control of hypertension among study subjects. Methods and Materials. A community based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling design was conducted among urban population of Varanasi. A modified WHO STEPS interview schedule on 640 study subjects aged 25–64 years was used. Results. The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9% (male: 40.9%, female: 26.0%). Mean systolic and diastolic BP were 124.25 ± 15.05 mmHg and 83.45 ± 9.49 mmHg, respectively. Higher odds of being hypertensive were found in male subjects, eldest age group, married subjects, subjects of upper socioeconomic status, illiterate subjects, and retired subjects. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were also associated with hypertension. Out of the total hypertensive 211 subjects, only 81 (38.4%) were aware about their hypertension status; out of those, 57 (70.4%) were seeking treatment and 20 (35.08%) had their blood pressure adequately controlled. Conclusion. Around one-third of the subjects were hypertensive and half of the study subjects were prehypertensive in this area. The awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure were also very low

Enhancing Esthetic Outcome through Interdisciplinary Approach: A Case Report

Loss of interdental papilla and gingival recession are one of the major concerns for esthetic zone. To restore sustainable periodontal health and the normal, esthetic appearance of a healthy 17 year old girl with generalized chronic periodontitis, a combined esthetic surgery and orthodontic technique were used. This interdisciplinary approach resulted in stable periodontium and an esthetically pleasing appearance of anterior region. &nbsp

Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) to Enhance the Dietary and Iron-Folate Intake during Pregnancy- A Quasi Experimental Study among Rural Pregnant Women of Varanasi, India.

BACKGROUND: Behavior Change Communications (BCC) play a decisive role in modifying socio-cultural norms affecting the perception and nutritional practices during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of 'Trials of Improved Practices' (TIPs) on dietary and iron-folate intake during pregnancy. DESIGN: Community based quasi experimental study with a control group. SETTING: Four villages of Chiraigaon Community Development Block of Varanasi, India from May 2010 and recruited from August 2010. End line assessment, after 12 weeks of intervention, was completed in April 2011. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women in 13-28 weeks of gestation. INTERVENTION: TIPs was implemented in addition to ongoing essential obstetric care services in two villages through 3 home (assessment, negotiation and evaluation) visits and only assessment and evaluation visits in the other two control villages. Interpersonal communication, endorsing the active participation of family members and home based reminder materials were the TIPs based strategies. The effect of TIPs was assessed by comparing key outcome variables at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. OUTCOME MEASURES: Hemoglobin%, anemia prevalence, weight gain, compliance for iron-folate supplementation and dietary intake of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. RESULTS: A total of 86 participants completed the study. At the end, mean hemoglobin levels were 11.5±1.24 g/dl and 10.37±1.38 g/dl in the TIPs and control groups, respectively. The prevalence of anemia reduced by half in TIPs group and increased by 2.4% in the control group. Weight gain (grams/week) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in TIPs group (326.9±91.8 vs. 244.6±97.4). More than 85% of the PW in TIPs group were compliant for Iron-folate and only 38% were compliant among controls. The mean intake of protein increased by 1.78gm in intervention group and decreased by 1.81 gm in controls (p<0.05). More than two thirds of PW in TIPs group were taking one extra meal and only one third of controls were doing the same. CONCLUSION: TIPs found to be an effective approach to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women in the study area. TIPs strategy could be further explored on larger sample representing different socio-cultural and geographical areas. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2015/02/005517

Use of pea agar with Tween 80 for Dalmau technique for identification of Candida albicans

Introduction: Candida albicans produces devastating infections with considerable attributable mortality. Identification rests ofDalmau technique using rice extract agar, which is very prone to aerial contamination and drying and breakage. Materials andMethods: We here evaluated pea agar, with and without Tween 80, as medium for Dalmau technique for identifying C. albicansand compared it with rice extract agar. Results: Pea agar with Tween 80 was a very useful medium for identifying C. albicans.Conclusion: Pea agar with Tween 80 can be used for Dalmau technique for C. albicans identification

Genome-wide association studies for phenological and agronomic traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the important warm-season food legumes, contributing substantially to nutritional security and environmental sustainability. The genetic complexity of yield-associated agronomic traits in mungbean is not well understood. To dissect the genetic basis of phenological and agronomic traits, we evaluated 153 diverse mungbean genotypes for two phenological (days to heading and days to maturity) and eight agronomic traits (leaf nitrogen status using SPAD, plant height, number of primary branches, pod length, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, and yield per plant) under two environmental conditions. A wide array of phenotypic variability was apparent among the studied genotypes for all the studied traits. The broad sense of heritability of traits ranged from 0.31 to 0.95 and 0.21 to 0.94 at the Delhi and Ludhiana locations, respectively. A total of 55,634 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained by the genotyping-by-sequencing method, of which 15,926 SNPs were retained for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS with Bayesian information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK) model identified 50 SNPs significantly associated with phenological and agronomic traits. In total, 12 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with phenological traits across environments, explaining 7%–18.5% of phenotypic variability, and 38 SNPs were significantly associated with agronomic traits, explaining 4.7%–27.6% of the phenotypic variability. The maximum number of SNPs (15) were located on chromosome 1, followed by seven SNPs each on chromosomes 2 and 8. The BLAST search identified 19 putative candidate genes that were involved in light signaling, nitrogen responses, phosphorus (P) transport and remobilization, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic pathways, and regulating growth and development. Digital expression analysis of 19 genes revealed significantly higher expression of 12 genes, viz. VRADI01G08170, VRADI11G09170, VRADI02G00450, VRADI01G00700, VRADI07G14240, VRADI03G06030, VRADI02G14230, VRADI08G01540, VRADI09G02590, VRADI08G00110, VRADI02G14240, and VRADI02G00430 in the roots, cotyledons, seeds, leaves, shoot apical meristems, and flowers. The identified SNPs and putative candidate genes provide valuable genetic information for fostering genomic studies and marker-assisted breeding programs that improve yield and agronomic traits in mungbean