Block partitions: an extended view

Given a sequence $S=(s_1,\dots,s_m) \in [0, 1]^m$, a block $B$ of $S$ is a subsequence $B=(s_i,s_{i+1},\dots,s_j)$. The size $b$ of a block $B$ is the sum of its elements. It is proved in [1] that for each positive integer $n$, there is a partition of $S$ into $n$ blocks $B_1, \dots , B_n$ with $|b_i - b_j| \le 1$ for every $i, j$. In this paper, we consider a generalization of the problem in higher dimensions

Data on the parasitoid complexes of Metallus pumilus (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and Emmetia heinemanni (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) mining leaves of Rubus sp.

251 Rubus leaves mined by three species of leaf miners, Metallus pumilus (Klug, 1816), Emmetia heinemanni (Wocke, 1871) and Ectoedemia rubivora (Wocke, 1860), were collected between 2011 and 2014 in order to rear out their parasitoids. No parasitoids have been reared out from Ectoedemia rubivora, but we have identifi ed 3 parasitoid species from Emmetia heinemanni and 5 species from Metallus pumilus. With 2 tables

New records of jumping plant-lice from Hungary (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)

Authors made regular insect collections between 2008 and 2015 especially on ornamental trees and shrubs, also on herbs, on streets, parks, in city greenery, forests, botanical gardens and private gardens, in various localities of Hungary. Trioza ilicina (De Stefani Perez), Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) and Ctenarytaina peregrina Hodkinson are reported for the first time in Hungary. New host, locality and habitat data are given

Recent data to the jumping plant-lice fauna of Hungary (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)

Authors made regular insect collections between 2010 and 2017, especially on ornamental trees and shrubs, on streets, parks, in city greenery, forests, botanical gardens and private gardens, in various localities of Hungary. Trioza soniae Rapisarda, 1994 and Trioza scottii Löw, 1880 are reported for the first time in Hungary. New host, locality and habitat data are given

CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors Contribute to Bacterial Invasion and Mortality in Polymicrobial Sepsis

BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a major healthcare problem and current estimates suggest that the incidence of sepsis is approximately 750,000 annually. Sepsis is caused by an inability of the immune system to eliminate invading pathogens. It was recently proposed that endogenous mediators produced during sepsis can contribute to the immune dysfunction that is observed in sepsis. Endocannabinoids that are produced excessively in sepsis are potential factors leading to immune dysfunction, because they suppress immune cell function by binding to G-protein-coupled CB(2) receptors on immune cells. Here we examined the role of CB(2) receptors in regulating the host's response to sepsis. METHODS AND FINDINGS:The role of CB(2) receptors was studied by subjecting CB(2) receptor wild-type and knockout mice to bacterial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. We report that CB(2) receptor inactivation by knockout decreases sepsis-induced mortality, and bacterial translocation into the bloodstream of septic animals. Furthermore, CB(2) receptor inactivation decreases kidney and muscle injury, suppresses splenic nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation, and diminishes the production of IL-10, IL-6 and MIP-2. Finally, CB(2) receptor deficiency prevents apoptosis in lymphoid organs and augments the number of CD11b(+) and CD19(+) cells during CLP. CONCLUSIONS:Taken together, our results establish for the first time that CB(2) receptors are important contributors to septic immune dysfunction and mortality, indicating that CB(2) receptors may be therapeutically targeted for the benefit of patients suffering from sepsis

New Quercus -infesting Bariella and Glyptacus species and redescription of Aceria cerrigemmarum (Nalepa) from Hungary (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea)

Bariella bakonyense n. sp. and Glyptacus matrensis n. sp. were collected, described and illustrated from Quercus cerris and Quercus petraea , respectively. Both eriophyid mite species are leaf vagrant. Aceria cerrigemmarum was collected, redescribed and illustrated from Quercus cerris . This gall mite species causes bud proliferation and death of buds in several Hungarian forests. Two other eriophyid mite records are presented

First occurrence and description of Aceria fraxiniflora (Felt, 1906) (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from Europe

Korda, M., Csóka, Gy., Szabó, Á., Ripka, G. (2019): First occurrence and description of Aceria fraxiniflora (Felt, 1906) (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from Europe. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 293-306, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.

HIF-1: a key mediator in hypoxia (Review)

The transcription factor HIF-1 is one of the principal mediators of homeostasis in human tissues exposed to hypoxia. It is implicated in virtually every process of rapid gene expression in response to low oxygen levels. The most common causes of tissue hypoxia are inflammation and/or insufficient circulation or a combination of both. Inflamed tissues and the areas surrounding malignant tumors are characterized by hypoxia and low concentrations of glucose. Serious and generalized inflammation can lead to sepsis and circulatory collapse resulting in acute or chronic tissue hypoxia in various vital organs which induces a rapid homeostatic process in all nucleated cells of affected organs in the human body. Under hypoxic conditions the alpha and beta subunits of HIF-1 make an active heterodimer and drive the transcription of over 60 genes important for cell survival, adaptation, anaerobic metabolism, immune reaction, cytokine production, vascularization and general tissue homeostasis. In addition, HIF-1 plays a key role in the development of physiological systems in fetal and postnatal life. It is also a critical mediator of cancer, lung and cardiovascular diseases. The better understanding of the functions of HIF-1 and the pharmacological modulation of its activity could mean a successful therapeutic approach to these diseases